Ressource

narəd lɛ attiatti kɛyuŋma kɛmɛnchiahaˀ mɛwayɛ?
iŋga amɛnchia kɔ khəi ! kurɛm mɛwayɛ.
amɛnchiahaˀ kohi ɛttho thɔŋlɔŋ kɛyuŋmaaŋ mɛwayɛ.
kohi ɛttho tho pandɔtluŋ kɛyuŋmaaŋ mɛwayɛ.
asenba ro! — tərə puraniya kohi ɛtna liŋdhɛppa mɛwayɛ.
khɔmbhɛaŋ attiatti ɛtyo kohi khɔkliŋbaaŋ mɛwayɛ.
tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ khɔkliŋbanu cəĩ anigɛ sɛːrigɛ.
ɛmbhɛllɛ ɛttho thɔŋlɔŋbanu — liŋdhɛppanu anigɛ sorik wayigɛ.
khɔmbha ɛtyo thɛdzɔŋbobahaˀci mɛwaˀ.
khɔmbhɔ kɛwayi'llɛ attihaˀrɛ cəĩ khɔmbhɔ kɛwayi'llɛ nurik kɛmmɛtti
attihaˀrɛ cəĩ kɛmɛmmɛttinni nurik?
khan kɔ nurik kɔ ɛmbhɔ ɛttho thɔŋlɔŋb'ɛnnu cəĩ sarik nurik wayigɛ.
khɔmbhɛaŋ khanhaˀnu sɛːrigɛ mɛːnni?
sɛːrigɛaŋ kɔ ɛtyo thɛdzɔmbobanu tin bərsə the anigɛ sarik nurik wayigɛ.
anigɛ nurik mɛmɛttigɛaŋ ciʈʈhi yapmi mɛhaktɛ.
tərə khɔn mɛnchian allo ɛmbhɛllɛ mədes yo peaŋ yuŋ.
tərə əru kudzumhaˀ rɔt mɛwaˀ. khɔmbhɛaŋ ɛmbhɛllɛ sɛːrigɛ — khɔnhaˀnu cəĩ .
khɔmbhɛllɛ kunara num'ɛn sira adhaŋ kɛsira thaŋɛi
ku sor kɛnuˀm'ɛn cəĩ kɛsira thaŋɛi khɛnɛa?
khɔn kɔ ɛmbhɔ ni pha —
kunara num'ɛn lɔt khɔn sira thaŋba paːnnɛn abhedaŋba phɛllɛ —
jəti khanhaˀnu yaˀ alaːk awaˀ abek həgi —
yaˀ alaːkkɛllɛ khɔn jəstəi aphno thik maya mohə lag ba cok — lag ba cok pek.
khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ aphno cal cələn — mɛmma — tɔŋ pek.
hitcit tɔŋ mɛtma poksɛ.
cal cələn mɛːndu — hittəcittə — aphno hittəcittə tɔŋɛ.
tɔŋɛaŋ kɔ alla aphno sor ɛnnaŋ tɔŋɛ.
alla cahe — khallɛ ku ənuhar numa hos tap phɛːnba hos
aphno sor ɛnnaŋ tɔŋ— sor ɛnnaŋ tɔŋɛ, aphno hittəcittə aŋ tɔŋɛ.
khɔmbhɛ khanhaˀnu cəĩ waˀma sira adhaŋ pek lətchə ni .
tərə əgaɖi ba khɛni — phɔŋa — ambhɔŋasirɛ khɛni —
kohi cumlɛ abhe mɛdzogu phɛllɛ
kunara num'ɛnnu rɔt yaˀ mɛraːktɛ — yaˀ mɛraːktuba nisuŋ.
kohi cumlɛ kunara tap phɛːnbanusaŋ yaˀ mɛraːktɛ.
tərə kunara numasaŋ ku sor kɔ tap phɛːnba
— ə̃ — kunara ya tap phɛːnbasaŋ ku sor nuba.
khɔmdaŋba mɛnchiahaˀnu attihaˀnu laːkma kɛsira thaŋɛ əghi phɛaŋ kɔ sen tonɛba.
han kɔ ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ abhebhɛllɛ iŋga ittuŋŋaŋ khɔm rɔt abhebhɛllɛ aphəi hitcit tɔŋ.
tərə ɛmbhɛllɛsaŋ khɔmdaŋba khunchi cələn waˀ.
theaŋ hop — jun ci caŋ cinuba caksu — mɛːnni? —
atti'llɛ koʈ ɛmbhɛ jutta ɛmbhɛ nuba caksuaŋ waˀ
khallɛ cəĩ khanhaˀnu rɔt yaˀ kɛraːkpaŋ mɛwaˀ kohi kɔ.
khɔmbhɔ. tərə ɛmbhɛdaŋba mɔna awaˀ abhedaŋba awaˀ phɛllɛ — ani yakthuŋba awaˀɛllɛ —
kunara tap phɛːnbasaŋ ku sor tap phɛːnbasaŋ theyaːndɔk yaˀ araːk, nurik abaːt aet phɔgɔrɔ
khɔnnɛn nuba ni tɛt lətchə mɔna'llɛ.
anigɛ əghi khɔmbha wayigɛ'llɛ
khɔmdaŋ khunchi nara tap phɛːnbasaŋ khunchi sor tap phɛːnba saŋ
yaˀ raːkti pegigɛ'llɛ anigɛ nuba nisumsimbɛ mɛnchiahaˀ.
ə̃
khɔmbhɔ khɔ mɛnchiahaˀ anigɛaŋ nuba mɛnisigɛ.
khɔmbhɛllɔ kɔ khɛnɛ sen tonɛba —
abhedaŋ abhedaŋba mɛnchiahaˀ mɛwayɛ
abheabhebhɛllɛ yaˀ kɛraːkti
iŋga sen tonɛba.
tərə khɔn kɔ əgaɖi ba cələn kusik kɔ mɛlɔˀnɛn theaŋ —
ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ abhedaŋba
asen — alla kɔ ambhɔŋasi səttejug ɛllɛ kɛsusiba ho ki ?
alla səttejug mɛtma anigɛ itm'ɛllɛ səttejug tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ
jun lɛ ci caŋ ɛmbhɛba mɛtma nuba caksu — caŋ thehaˀ —
khɔn kɔ khɔmbhɛ a. tərə ɛmbha kɔ mɛːn a.
khɔ jug jug mɛːndukki, — mɔnan kɔ ani lɔtthik —
ani nɛksaŋ lɔtthik, mikkaŋ lɔtthik jəmmə kudɔŋba pɔt — mɛːnni?
tərə jug ɛn kɔ khan kɔ mɛːnduk.
tərə khamdaŋba mɔna abhedaŋba abhedaŋba mɛwayɛ.
abhebhɛllɛ khambha yaˀ kɛraːkti —
abhe abhedaŋba mɛwayɛ phɛaŋ sen tonɛ — pha rɔt ni.
ɛmbhɛllɛsaŋ uhi sa pha yaˀ raːkmasaŋ uhi .
hɔnɛ paːnnɛn lɔtcha cɛːtcik pɛni paːnnɛtmu pɔːndɛrɔ — pɔːndɛ lasɛaŋ yak.
mɛːŋgɔrɔ əghi kɔ yakthuŋ paːn lɔt paːtmuna.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔn sen tonɛba ni iŋga kɔ. …
khɛnɛ yaˀ kɛraːktɛba iŋga nisuŋŋaŋ wayɛ nirɛŋ sumlɛŋ —
səŋkranti yaˀ kɛraːktɛ. ramdali yaˀ kɛraːktɛ.
yo thuʔyadu kɛbegi khatyo yaˀ kɛraːkti.
taplejuŋ aŋ thiklɛŋ yaˀ kɛraːktuba iŋga nisuŋ.
khɔmbhɛllɛ iŋga khɛnɛ sen tonɛba.
khɔmbhɛaŋ poŋ tərə the phɛllɛ — ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ alla — əgaɖi kɔ khɔmbhɔ wayɛ
tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ — ləu ! the! — ɛmbhɛbhɔ —
caŋwaːn nuba kɛdzaŋba khɔmdaŋba atti ku sor kɛnuˀb'ɛllɔt o mɛmɛttusi hindzaɛllɛ o.
khɔmbhɔ mɛlɔˀrɛaŋsa sen tonɛba.
hindzaɛllɛ khɔmdaŋba o mɛmɛttusi —
attin ʈopi pɛrɛkkɛkkɛkpa khuːksu,
atti'llɛ caŋ cinuba caksu,
atti'llɛ ku sor ɛn nuˀ,
khannɛn lɔt khunchi hindzahaˀrɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ hindzahaˀrɛ o — khanhaˀ — o mɛmɛttusi.
khɔmbhɔ. anigɛ kɔ ɛmbhɔ ʈopi pɛr'kkɛkkɛkpa kɛghuːŋba,
colo nuba kɛdzaŋba, sim nuba kɛdzaŋba,
khamdaŋba kɔ mɛːndu. anigɛ kɔ abhedaŋba phɛllɛ alla thiklɛŋ yaˀ raːktigɛ,
yammu niyaːn sumyaːn lɛ thiklɛŋ laːktumbɛ,
khɔmbhɛaŋ niyaːn sumyaːn yaˀ araːk abekkaŋ kɔ
tap phɛːnba mɔnannaŋ nuba ni tɛt lətchə .
nuba ni tɛt tərə aphno maya prem bəs pa cok mɛtmuna o.
khɔmbhɔ. khɔmbhɛaŋ anigɛ kɔ khɔmbhɔ yaˀ raːktigɛ pegigɛ'llɛ
nuba tap phɛːnba kunara o mɛmmɛtpa anigɛ kɔ.
sor aŋ nuba tap phɛːnba khɔmdaŋba anigɛ o mɛmmɛtpa.
əgaɖi ko cələn nuba.
lɛplɔˀ laːtmaŋ yammu yaˀ raːksɛ lasigɛaŋ anigɛ paːn khɔmbhɔ — lɔːn pekma hoptɛ.
ɛmbha lasigɛaŋ kɔ yaˀ raːktigɛ the! — khɔmbha palammɛn paːttumbɛrɔ teˀrumbɛ.
paːttumbɛrɔ teˀrumbɛ khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ jəba seˀmat yusɛ kɔrɔ lɔːnmunaba.
hi yusɛ kɔrɔ lɔːnmunaba.
hi seˀmat ni mɛyunɛn phɔgɔrɔ ɛmbha yaːkmunaba. nam taːttaːtchaŋ yaːkmunaba ni.
attiatti thaŋb'ɛnnu atti mɛnchiaŋ mɔre nam taːttaːt yaˀ raːksi
khan phaŋ khunchi nurik waˀsiba ani bicar cokma poŋ.
khamdaŋba wayɛ ɛmbha nam taːttaːtchaŋ yaːkmunabaasi hi seˀmat mɛllɔːntarik.
ɛmbhɛllɛ khɛni abhedaŋba kisim abhebhɛllɛ abhedaŋba kɛlaːktum kɔ phɛaŋ sen tonɛba.
ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ cɛːtcik ci ku sor kɛnuˀb'ɛn thik tumu phɔgɔrɔ sɔpma yaˀ raːk.
nəbhəe dekhi cəĩ khannɛn yaˀ mɛraːknɛn.
atti thik mɛ-- — attin ci ku sor kɛnuˀma mɛnchia yaːk, khɔnnɛn — khɔnnɛnnu laːktuŋŋi.
attin ci numa mɛnchiahaˀ, atti'llɛ khallɛ ci caŋŋɛn məilo dəilo mɛdzaksun,
caŋ cinuba caksu, ɛmbhɛba tatan pɔːtthaŋ khuːksu,
khɔnnu rɔt — khɔnnɛnnu rɔt yaˀ mɛraːk ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ .
khɔmbhɔ. iŋgaaŋ khɔmdaŋba nisuŋŋaŋsa sen tonɛ.
khɔmdaŋba mɛwaˀ. khan kudopma kɛbaːttu rətchə khɛnɛ.
khamdaŋba ɛmbhɛllɛ mɔna cəĩ nuba caha mɛdzogɛ.
ku sor aŋ nuba kɛlɔːnbahaˀ, caŋŋaŋ nuba kɛdzaŋbahaˀ, khɔmdaŋbanu yaˀ kɛraːktɛ rətchə .
anigɛ khɔmdaŋba hoptɛ. khɔmbhɛllɛ sen tonɛba.
yammu ɛmbhɛllɛ khɛni kɛlɔˀri, kɛbaːttum palam.
khɛni kɔ "aˀaˀaˀ nuˀuˀu" kɛlɔˀri.
anigɛ kɔ khɔmdaŋba hoptɛ.
sor uːksumbɛ kenba khɔmbhɛ kɔ — "aaii eeee eeeeeeee" lɔt khɔmdaŋba uːŋmunaba sor ni wayɛ.
khɔmdaŋba.
khɛni ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ "aˀaˀaˀa ɔˀɔˀɔˀ" kɛlɔˀri.
khannɛn cəĩ aŋ yakma yak rətchə mu paːn.
kusiŋ kɛniːttum khɛni. iŋga kɔ kusiŋ mɛniːtnan.
khɔnnɛn cəĩ ɛmbhɔ.
alla asenba khɔdakmirɛ kɔ abhe mɛdzɛksu?
alla ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ səttejug — səttejug ɛllɛ alla yo pha theaŋ theaŋ lɛksɛ.
alla theaŋ theaŋ lɛŋ khɔn mɛbaːttuba iŋga khɛpsuŋba jəsto ro.
khɔmbhɛllɛ iŋga kudzɛk ɛmbha khambekkɛn ni cɛlɛk! lɛksɛba ittuŋŋaŋ
ɛmbhɔ aphno bhasa ŋ lɛŋba rətchə ,
theaŋ theaŋ lɛŋ,
aphno caŋ, boli n lɛ bhasa yaŋ,
ɛmdaŋba caŋwaːn lɛŋ — caŋm'ɛnnaŋ jəmmə lɛŋba rətchə .
tərə iŋga khɔnnɛn cəĩ alla ɛmbhɔ poŋ pek phɔ iŋga mɛnniɛ wayaŋ.
alla sal — ɛmbhɔ ni — salinda sa ni tɛtpa.
tərə khɔmbha thaŋb'ɛn mɛnchia waˀmuna'llɛ
khɛnɛ yaŋ nɛnɛtchi —khɛnɛ nɛtchi kɛlɔːttu kɔrɔ iŋga nɛtchi lɔːttuŋ.
tho cummɛllɛ nɛtchi lɔːttu, na cummɛllɛ nɛtchi lɔːttu. khɔmbhɔ jəmmə rɛ lɔːtmunaŋ
khɔnnɛn tɔŋmunasiŋŋaŋ mɛːnda thik taːtmunaŋ
khɔmbhɔ phudoŋ pimunasi, thi pimunasiba cələn əghi wayɛ əghi anigɛ.
thi purumsimbɛ. phudoŋ purumsimbɛ.
yaˀs'yaˀ wa mɛyuktuaŋ kɔ besar ci mɛdhɛktu.
khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ khallɛ khɔllɛ hərandi mɛdhɛktuaŋ kɔ hiːktaŋba mɛdzoguaŋ kɔ
khiu cɛ mɛdhɛktuaŋ kɔ mɛnɔyu. mɛnɔyuaŋ kɔ
khandzi mɛnɛssu mɛburusi. kəhile kɔ —
kəhile kɔ ku bela kɔ kha — wadhiːnnaŋ mɛburusi.
khɔmdaŋba mɛburusiba nisuŋŋaŋ anigɛaŋ purumsimbɛ əghi khɔmbhɔ yaˀ raːktigɛ'llɛ.
khɔmbhɔ pim'nasi phudoŋ — phudoŋ pim'nasi — khɛni phudoŋ kɛbiasii kɛmbiasinni khɛni cəĩ ?
phudoŋ — phudoŋŋɛllɛ cələn əjhəi waˀ khɔnnɛn.
waˀi?
waˀ. theaŋ hoppɛllɛ abhɛllɛ khunchi alla jəstəi tho amuːt mɛːnni?
alla amuːttaŋ khunchi ni yapmi phudoŋ mɛbɛrɛ phɔgɔrɔ
alla aniaŋ egaŋ uːtmasiaŋ uhi khan purəi pim'nasi poksɛ.
khɔmbhɔ.
— khunchi jəsto mɛdzogu.
khunchi khannɛn ni amɛmbinɛn phɔgɔrɔ,
thi rɔt ambɛrɛ camre therɔt ambɛrɛ phɔgɔrɔ aniaŋ uhi .
uhi khɔnnɛn cələn cokma poksɛ.
khɔmbhɛllɛsa. khunchi ambɛrɛ gɔ khunchi ambib'ɛn yaːppa pimasi poŋŋi,
khunchi ambib'ɛnnu lɛ ciyɔnba pimasi poŋŋi,
khunchi ambib'ɛnnu lɛ cidzuːkpa pimasi poŋŋi? khɔmbhɔ khan sen tonɛba — khɛnɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ abheba kɛmbiri kɔ phɛaŋ.
khɔn ɛmbhɛ ni. allo alla car dharni pa ambisi — mɛːnni?
anchi alla — anchi cum aboksɛsi mɛːnni?
thik mɛnchia lɛ auːttɛsi.
abesiaŋ kɔ alla tyestəi car dharni pãc dharni pa alla ambɛrɛsi ho ki ?
khɔmbhɔ.
khɔmbhɛllɛ ambɛrɛsillɛ alla khɔn lɔt kɔ nuːkma mɛnuːrɛn.
khɔn bhənda dharni nɛtchi bərta pa o — khɔnnu lɛ ciyɔnba.
tərə dharni lisi kɛbɔtpa ambisi kɔrɔ chə dharni pa sat dharni pa səmmə ani kokmaŋ kɔ —
thinaŋ cɛːtci yɔnba mɛttɛr'ba.
cɛːtci yɔnba. thinaŋ khɔmbha kokma poksɛ.
alla phudoŋ ambisib'ɛnnaŋ kokmaŋ kɔ pimasi poŋ.
khɔmbhɔgɔrɔ khɛni paːnnɛn lɔt ni, khɛni palam paːnnɛn lɔt ni, sor ɛn lɔt ni khɔmbha kɛuːksummɛllɛ ci bhinnəi kɛuːksum lətchə həi ?
??
tərə əghi anigɛ uːksumbɛ'nnu mɛdɔŋnɛnnɛllɛ sen tonɛba.
khɔn anigɛaŋ asen anigɛaŋ kɔ koktumbɛaŋ purumsimbɛ — uhi .
khunchi mɛbirigɛb'ɛnnu lɛ cɛːtci yɔnba kokmaŋ pimasi poŋ.
khunchi ambiba rəksi nu lɛ cɛːtci yɔllik cɛːtci yoˀmaŋ, cɛːtci yɔllik cokmaŋ pimasi pimasi poŋ.
tərə khunchi rəksi n thuŋma tema poŋ, jəmmə cum tɔŋmunasiŋŋaŋ kɔ ayuŋ — ha'tmu
cumluŋ cokma poksɛ, cumdzum — cumluŋ adzokkaŋ khannɛtmu tɔŋmasiŋŋaŋ thuŋma.
yammu akkhɛn jəna anda — wayɛ — awaˀ, yaˀ kɛraːkpa, khan jəmmə rɛ yammu
uhi lɔːtmaŋ kɔ yammu iŋmaŋ khatmu cɛːtci kokmaŋ pimunasiba kɔ.
asennaŋ wayɛ anigɛ yaˀ raːktigɛ'llɛaŋ.
khɔmbhɔ khɔncha khɛnɛ sen tonɛba khɔn tə ho .
khɔn kɔ tɔŋ lətchə .
tərə khɛni ha sor ɛn lɔt ni mɛdɔŋnɛn, khɛni —
anigɛ kɔ khɔmbhɔ kenba uːksumbɛ.
khɛni ɛmbhɛllɛ kenba kɛnuːksummɛn tərə —
ɛmbhɛ poŋ phɔŋai. sor ɛn kɔ — sor ɛn kɔ cɛːtci alla lɛksɛ həgi ?
tərə palam kɔ uhi lɔtthik.
palam lɔtthik — uhi palammɛnaŋ tɔŋ.
tərə hɔnɛ — alla anigɛ khɔmbhɛ sor ɛn lɛksɛ'llɛ khan palam ərko paːtmunaba, palam kɔ lɔtthik.
tərə əgaɖi b'ɛnnu ɛmbhɛllɛb'ɛn mɛdɔŋnɛn cɛ kɔ.
khɔmbhɛa.
mɛdɔŋnɛn khɔmbhɛllɛ.
ɛmbhɛllɛ hunu kɔ asen phɔŋasi yarik anigɛ cəĩ mɛdɔŋigɛn khas .
theaŋ mɛdɔŋigɛn həgi — ə̃ə̃ — əgaɖi phɛ khɛni səllah yɔndɛ.
anigɛ kɔ allo — alla sat jəna the səllah tɔŋŋasigɛ'llɛ, sat jəna 'tmu — ɛɛ —
sumsi, lisi, ŋasi, khɔmbhɔ rɔt anigɛ səllah akkho tɔŋ.
"khatmu iŋga mɛlɔːtnan ho !
iŋga kudzɛkpa ɛmbhɔ rɔt caŋba ho !"
thiklɛ allo amɛt ho .
khɔmbhɛllɛ o — ɛmbhɛllɛ anigɛ sərsəllah mɛdɔŋigɛn hindza phɛkkɛtmu.
asen anigɛ kɔ celi sɔmmarɛ kudɔŋba lɔːttumbɛ.
sɔmmab'ɛllɛ lɔːtma bərabər celi 'llɛaŋ lɔːtmunaba.
bərabər lɔːttumbɛaŋ kudɔŋba lɔːttumbɛaŋ purumsimbɛ.
khunchiaŋ celi sɔmma mɛbhɛrɛ. anigɛaŋ celi sɔmma pegigɛ.
khɛnɛ kɛbaːttub'ɛn kusik təmər khola kɛyuŋba, saˀudɛn kɛyuŋbanu khɔmbhɛ yaˀ raːktigɛ wayigɛ.
liŋdhɛp kɛyuŋmanuaŋ yaˀ raːktigɛ. khɔmbhɛ wayigɛ.
khɔmbhɔ phudoŋ piasigɛ'llɛ kudɔŋba lɔːttumbɛ anigɛ.
khɛniaŋ kudɔŋba kɛlɔːttummiya lɔːtmuna kɔ.
tərə kohi kɔ mɛllɔːtmuna mɛwaˀ, kohi kɔ kɛlɔːtpa mɛwaˀ kohi rɛ.
kohi rɛ thi rɔt kɛdhuŋba yaˀ raːk, mɛndzo kɛlaːkpa. khunɛ kɔ —
khɔmbha pəisa mɛllɔːtmunaŋ mɛwaˀ.
kohi khɔmbha kɛlɔːtpa awaˀ mɔna.
mɔna'llɛ mɔna andɔŋnɛnchaba — khɔmbhɔ.
andɔŋnɛn.
khɔmdaŋba mɛwaˀ. khɔn kudopma kɛbaːttu a.
khɔmbhɛllɛ tɔŋ tərə anigɛ kɔ — ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ — khɔmdaŋba alla cələn poksɛ pe mɛtma o.
khɔmbhɛllɛ jəti b'ɛn cəĩ alla asen phɔŋasirɛ ɛmbha na, tho mɛnchiarɛ kɛmuːtti'llɛ
celi nu sɔmmanu kɛbegi mɛːnni?
khɔmbhɔ.
kɛbegi'llɛ gəjəb lɛ səllah kɛdɔŋiaŋ kɛbegi.
ɛmbhɛllɛ gɔ abhedaŋba waˀ phɛllɛ — ə̃ə̃ —
anigɛ — igɔrɔ anigɛ sɔmmaba ek lɔt pegigɛ, celi mɛdeˀrumsimbɛn.
celi rɛaŋ na, tho khunchi thaŋb'ɛn lɛ mɛuːttusi phɔgɔrɔ
uhi khunchi ek mɛbek.
sɔmmaba khunchi caha mɛdzoknɛn.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔmdaŋba cələn poksɛaŋ waˀ ɛmbhɛllɛ.
əgaɖi khɛni kɔ celi sɔmmanu laŋ mɛŋghekkɛ khɛni kɛmbeginba.
tərə anigɛ kɔ ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ celi sɔmmanu sorik laŋ khekma hop — khɔnnɛn cəĩ .
tərə khɛni khɔmbhɔ yaˀ raːksɛ kɛbegiaŋ kɛdɛi'llɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ kɛipsi.
pa, marɛ mɛnisurɔ yaˀ raːksɛ kɛbegiaŋ yammu kɛdɛi.
khɔmbhɔ kɛipsi. puŋŋaŋ kɛmbegin. kɛngisin a khɛni ɛmbhɛllɛ.
anigɛ khɔmbha asen kɔ abhe lɔˀrigɛ phɛllɛ —
alla himmu panu marɛ mɛnnisumba anigɛ yaˀ raːksɛ pekm'ɛllɛ.
celi sɔmma anda tɔŋmasiŋ poŋ, cumdzum tɔŋmasiŋ poŋ, khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ pegigɛ.
tərə akkho tɛigɛ'llɛ bela pa maŋ mɛimmaŋ mɛnɛ.
anigɛ mikkaŋ mɛyunɛnba.
lɛplɔrik tɔːk mɛbirigɛaŋ kɔ kaːŋ yaŋŋasigɛ.
khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ puŋ thasigɛ. pegigɛ.
khɔmbhɛaŋ khatmu immaŋ nɛm'ɛllɛ, alla celi sɔmma —
alla celi immaŋ nɛ'llɛ sɔmma phɛllɛ yaˀ ɔːguba.
yammu akkho yammu — yammu celi n pokkaŋ khunɛ ɔːgu'llɛ sɔmma ɔːkmunaba, palo palo ɔːkmunaba.
khɔmbhɛaŋ himmu mu pa marɛaŋ napmi mɛndɔrɛn, kusiŋ mɛnniːttun.
ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ khɛni kɔ kɛipsi, kɛdɛiaŋ kɔ.
khɔmdaŋba iŋga nisuŋ.
khɔmbhɔ ɛtmu paŋbhe'tmu khɔmdaŋba kɛwayi ro! ɛmbhɛllɛ.
wayigɛ tərə khannɛn — ə̃ə̃ —
khɔmlɔrik uhile kɔ phɔŋasi kɔ khɔmlɔrik kɛbegi — yaˀ raːksɛ kɛbegi kɛdɛiaŋ kɔ
ɛmbha lɛplɔrik kam ɛtmu kɛdhasi.
tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ anigɛ kɔ khɔn ambhɔŋasirɛ kusiktaŋba asen khɔmdaŋba cələn hop.
ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ thikthik — tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ thikthik lɔt mɛwaˀ, khɔmdaŋba. thikthik lɔt mɛwaˀ.
khɔmbhɛllɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ lɛplɔrik yaˀ raːksɛ pekmaŋ tamaŋ kɔ kɛimb'ɛn ɛmbha mɛimmaŋ mɛnɛ.
ə̃ — kam coksɛ kɛbekp'ɛn, cɛːtcik khunchi pa ma kɛgitp'ɛn cəĩ nə .
alla — allo — alla ambhɔŋarɛ kɛsa cəndre aŋ kɔ alla jəstəi bəjar yaˀ raːksɛ pek mɛːnni?
ə̃ .
pekkɛllɛ — xxx ho — ain kɔ iŋga ɛmdaŋba iskul ɛtmu kam aŋ kɔttuŋ.
ain kɔ ɛmdaŋba — ə̃ə̃ — yaˀ ɔːkma the yaːllek phɔnmasi theaŋ kɔttuŋsiŋ".
tərə khɔnnɛn cəĩ "alla immaŋ nɛma phɛllɛ amba kɛdziːtpa, allo adɔn ahip asɛttiya"
lɔˀaŋ kɔ khunɛ kɔ hoitlɔrik pek.
tərə khɔnnɛn uhi ho , alla ani pa ma lɛ cɛːtcik yɔŋma sɛtmasi ci pa ma kɛdziːtp'ɛllɛ ni — mɛmma poŋ.
khɔmbhɔ sarɛaŋ amgit — amgitpa ɛmbha.
khɔmbhɛa amgittaŋ, kam ɛnnaŋ mɛdzoguaŋ,
tərə anigɛ khɔmbha hal toksigɛ'llɛ,
anigɛ hal toksumbɛb'ɛn yarik khɛni niyaːn rɔt kɛdoksum.
anigɛ thikyaːn lɛ toksumbɛb'ɛn khɛni niyaːn lɛ kɛdoksum.
khɔmbhɛllɛ pa ɛmbhɛllɛba khɛni pa the'tmu khɔmbhɔ khɛni mɛyaːknɛnbai khɛni sɔkma.
mɛŋgɔrɔ kudɔŋba toŋma kɛboŋba, asenba yarik.
yammu mɛbaːttu'llɛ asen ambasirɛ mɛdoksuba yarik iŋga "khɛnɛ kɛndoksun" tərə ammarɛaŋ khɔmbhɔ mɛttaŋ.
"kɛmbarɛ toksuba yarik khɛnɛ hal kɛndoksun" mɛttaŋ.
khɔmbhɛlɔrik cɛksu.
luŋdzɔŋ ciluŋ mɛsɛttuba, khunchi siŋ mɛbɔksuba mɛdzɛksu'llɛ iŋgaŋ mɛnchukpa.
ambarɛ pɔksuba yarik ambarɛ luŋ lɛksuaŋ nɛssuba yarik iŋga nɛma mɛnchukpa.
khɔmbhɛllɛ asenba mɔna cigɛdhumbaasi.
kɛdhumbasi tərə khɔn kɔ ɛmbhɔ poŋ phɔŋai …
tərə asenba mɔnahaˀ bhənda lɛ khɔmbhɛ kɛdhumba mɛwayɛ, waˀma kɔ. ɛmbhɛllɛ yammu ɛmbhɛllɛ waˀma kɔ awaˀ.
tərə jun jəti kam cokma jəti adhum lətchə .
kam mɛndzokma ɛmbha mɛndzo ɛmbha waˀma phɔgɔrɔ khɔmbhɔ andhumnɛn.
cɛːt thɔkkɛnna lɛt pek lətchə . lɛttaŋ kɔ cɛːt andhumnɛnba rətchə .
abhe yɛ kɛbaːnnɛn?
khɔnnɛn khɔn kɔ ɛmbhɛdaŋba phɔŋai.
jəti phɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ kəli yug ɛllɛba anigɛ kudzɛk hindza gɔ alla khɔtyo rɔt khɔtyo rɔt ayu.
alla asen phɔŋasirɛ yarik ə̃ kɛdzogumba anigɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ khɔpmu mɛgɛttumbɛn.
phɔŋasirɛ kɛdzamba yarikkɛtmu anigɛ ni khɔn kɛpma mɛsuktumbɛn.
anigɛ uhi khɛni mɛnchahaˀrɛ anigɛ cogumbɛba yarik khɛni mɛnchahaˀrɛ yammu kɛpma mɛnchuktun.
khɔmbha.
khɔmbhɛllɛ. ɛmbhɛllɛ alla səttejug asen səttejug ɛllɛ sususiba mɔna mɛdhumdɛaŋ, ɛmbhɛllɛ kəli jug ɛllɛba ləu khɔmdaŋba rɔt. rətchə .
khɔmbha — khɔn kudopma.
tərə ani yakthumbarɛ yakthumbanu pɛni'llɛ akkh'yarik bicar kɛdzogu?
yakthumb'ɛllɛ coaŋ coguaŋ.
ɛmbhɛllɛ abhedaŋba poksɛ khɛni pɛni paːn ciyɔllik kɛbaːri.
yakthuŋ paːn cigɛmasum.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔllɛ abheba co khɔmdaŋba cama khɔmbhɛ ciyɔllik khɛni kɛlasi.
khɔpmu kɛlasi. khɔpmu kɛlasi khɔmbhɛllɛ.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔmbha khɔmdaŋba thummɛn kɔ cɛːtci yɔmba cigemba kuyɛt ciyɔmb'ɛn cɛːtci thum mɛːnni?
yɛt cuːkpa mɔna cuːkpa phɔgɔrɔ andhumnɛn a.
andhumnɛn.
cɛːtci yɔmb'ɛnnaŋ ciliːp.
ciliːp.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔmdaŋba …
khɔmbhɛllɛ ləu paːttɛ khɛnɛ. khɔmbhɛllɛ …
yakthumba mɛtmunasiŋŋɛn abhedaŋba poksɛ'llɛ — yakthumba aboksɛ ani.
yakthumba mɛtmuna yakthumbai akthumbai? ɛ nɛtchi'pmu ɛ nɛtchi'pmu.
yakthumbai akthumbai?
alla iŋga ittuŋŋɛllɛ yakthumba phɛllɛ — yakthumba kɔ mɛːndu akthuŋbai kusiktaŋ lɔˀ a.
ə̃ .
kudzɛkki? khɔmbhɔi? khɔmbhɔ mɛːnni ambhɔŋae?
akthuŋba mɛtmunan cəĩ kuyaŋŋɛtmu yaktarik aktuɛ kɛthuŋb'ɛllɛ akthuŋba siktaŋba həi !
yakthuŋba mɛtmunan abhedaŋba yak, yakthuŋba.
yak, yakthuŋba.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔn sen donɛba khɛnɛ.
khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔn yakthuŋba kudzɛkkaŋ ni ya khɔn.
alla himmu waˀthɛllik lɔt ni kɛdzab'adi, ho ki ?
yakthuŋba — akthuŋba.
khɔmbhɛllɛ jəti himmu yuŋ, ho ki ?
yə i khyampa 'pmu yuŋ
khɔnnɛn akthuŋba — yakthuŋba — akthuŋba.
khɔmbhɔ khɔnnɛn mɛkkaŋ kɔ cuːruba ani yakthumb'ɛllɛ.
khɔmbhɛaŋsa akthumba alla mɛlɔˀ laˀba.
taːndik cama ɛtchindaːn cama taŋba kɔ the niŋwa'tmu mɛyaknɛn.
allo rɔt caŋŋaŋ kɔ taːndi ɛtchindaːn kɔ cama
caha mɛdzokŋan!
ɛmbhɛdaŋba rɔt niŋwa — ani yakthuŋbarɛ niŋwa waˀba hɔmdaŋba hagi ?
sər ləu əi !

Narad, where were your various woman-friends from?
My woman-friends, well!, there have been a lot of them.
Some were from up here in Thonglong,
and some were from up in Pandotlung,
recent ones — but some of the old ones were from Lingthep.
And some were from down in Khokling.
But now we've broken off with the Khokling ones.
Now we are together with ones from Thonglong, with ones from Lingthep.
And there are a few from down in Thejongbo.
When you were together, which ones treated you well
and which ones didn't treat you well?
As for that, we were really getting on well with the Thonglong ones.
But then we separated from them, OK?
After we separated, for about three years we got along very well with the ones from Thejomboba.
They treated us well and they sent us letters.
But that one has gone down to the plains nowadays.
Only her friends are there. But we broke up with them.
So, do you like ones with pretty faces
or do you like ones with nice voices?
N. It's like this:
As far as only liking pretty ones —
the more we go on dancing with them — isn't that right? —
when we dance, whatever she's like, we are fond of her — we get more and more fond of her.
Our manners — or whatever — come to agree —
our feelings are in harmony, I should say.
It's not our manners, its our feelings — we sympathise.
When we sympathize, then our voices harmonize as well.
Now her face may be pretty or it may be ugly,
if our voices are in harmony and our thoughts are in harmony
then it becomes a pleasure to be together with them.
But in the past, your generation, uncle —
Some of our friends, what they did —
they only danced with pretty ones — I saw them dance like that.
Some danced even with ugly ones as well.
But though one might be pretty, her voice might be ugly,
and an ugly one might have a nice voice.
So that's why I asked before which women you liked to dance with.
Its like this — when I've thought about it its just that — if the feelings are in harmony.
Even so, some peoples' way is —
there's nothing [else that matters]! — whichever one wears nice clothes, OK?
Whichever one has put on a nice coat and nice shoes,
some people only dance with them.
Just so. But we are like this — what we're like — we Limbus,
even if her face is ugly and her voice is ugly, all the same if we dance and we talk and laugh nicely, day after day,
why, she seems pretty.
Before, when we were like that,
even though their faces were ugly and their voices were ugly,
when we went on dancing we saw them as beautiful, those women.
Hmm.
And those women saw us as good-looking too.
So that's why I'm asking you.
What kinds of women were there,
and how did you dance
is what I'm asking you.
The custom is not the same as before, because —
how it is nowadays —
before — uncle's generation experienced the golden age, right?
Now the golden age — when we think of it it was the golden age, but now
whoever wears nicer clothes and so on …
Well, it's like that, but that's not the point.
It's not a question of this age or that age, is it? -- we people are the same,
our flesh is the same, our eyes are the same, everything has stayed the same, no?
It's not the age.
But the kind of people, what kind were they?
How did you dance?
What kind of people were there? — I'm asking you.
Even so, now, its the same — in dancing, its the same,
only the language has got a bit mixed with Nepali — its gotten mixed in —
otherwise, before we spoke only Limbu —
that's what I'm asking.
I've seen you dancing two or three times.
You danced at Sankranti, you danced at Ramdali.
You all went down and danced at Thukyadu.
I saw you dance once at Taplejung as well.
So I'm asking you.
Thats also true but — before it was like that.
But now its like this —
The ones that are nicely dressed and have nice voices — the youngsters look at them only.
It's because they say that that I asked you.
The young girls only look at that kind —
whichever one wears a cap at a rakish angle,
whichever one wears nice clothes,
whichever one's voice is beautiful,
they only look at him.
Exactly. But as for us, the one who wore his cap stylishly,
who wore a pretty blouse, a pretty skirt,
that wasn't our kind — the way we were, we danced one day,
and then we danced again after two or three days,
and then after we'd gone on dancing two or three days,
why, even an ugly person came to look good.
They come to look good — you've fallen in love, let's say.
Right. That way when we went on dancing
we didn't look whether her face was beautiful or ugly.
Her voice, too, we didn't even consider if it was beautiful.
The old way was good.
Once we went right there, once we started dancing, our rule was, there was no going out.
We started, we danced, we went on singing the songs,
we went on singing and then, if we had to pee we went out,
if we had to shit we went out,
but if we didn't we stayed, even until daybreak.
If a young man and a girl danced for a long time, until dawn,
we had to think that that couple got along well.
That's how we were — staying on even as the sun rose — until they had to pee.
So I am asking you how you dance.
Well, if a man meets someone who has a nice voice, he'll dance a while,
otherwise he doesn't dance.
Whichever woman has a nice voice, [I think:] will I dance with her?
One who is somewhat pretty, one who wears clothes that aren't all dirty,
one who wears nice clothes, who wears a tartan headscarf,
they only dance with them, nowadays.
Right. I've seen this so I'm asking you.
that's the way they are, you've told it straight.
They only want nice-looking ones.
one who's voice comes out nicely, ones who wear nice clothes — that's the kind they dance with.
We weren't like that. So I'm asking you.
Now again you do like this, you sing the words,
you all sing like this : a' a' a' nu' u' u
We had nothing like that.
We just drew out our voices long like this aaaaiiii eeee eeeee — drawing out the voice like that.
Like that.
You all sound like this: aq aq aq oq oq oq.
Still the meaning is there, inside.
You all understand it, but I don't.
It's like this.
How did the old-timers say the words?
Back then in the golden age — now everything has changed.
Now everything is different, I've heard them say.
Then I think, really, the earth itself has turned over,
and so our language, changes as well.
Everything changes.
Our clo— our language also,
Clothing changes — the clothing we wear changes.
I hadn't seen that this was happening,
but now year after year it can be seen.
But when you young men and woman are together,
if you take out two rupees each — if you take out two rupees, I take out two rupees.
Our friend up above takes out two rupees, the one over here takes out two rupees. So all pay up.
When everyone has agreed, we get a goat,
we give them hospitality, we give them beer — that was our custom, before.
We gave them beer, we gave them hospitality.
They would soak some rice and put in a little turmeric.
They would put in turmeric and make it yellow
and they would put in a bit of ghee and fry it.
They would serve up a little of that sometimes.
Sometimes they would give eggs too.
I saw them give such things, we too would give them things, before, when we danced.
Such hospitality — do you all give each other hospitality or don't you?
Gifts — the custom of hospitality is still around.
Is it?
It is. Why wouldn't it be? Now suppose they invite us up there, OK?
Now if they invite us and give us hospitality,
we, too, afterwards, we have to invite them and give them fully the same.
Right.
It's whatever they do.
If they don't give it to us —
If they only give us beer, if they only give us rice-cake, we do the same.
That's what we have to do.
In that case, do we have to give them the same amount as they give us?
or do we have to give them a little more?
or do we have to give them a little less? Nowadays what do you do? — that's what I'm asking.
It's like this. Now they give us four dharnis — OK?
Now we — we two are friends, right?
A woman has invited us.
We go and they give us four or five dharnis, right?
Right.
Now what she gave us, it won't do give only the same amount in return.
It has to be two dharnis more — it has to be a little more.
If they give us four dharnis, we have to go up to six or seven dharnis.
The beer, too, has to be a bit more.
A bit more. We have to add in some beer.
We have to give more than what they give us.
In that case, it's only your words — only the words of your songs — only when you draw out your voices that you draw them out a little differently, right?
??
It's because it isn't like the way we sang that I asked you.
For the rest, we, too, gave gifts adding a little — the same way.
One has to add a little more to what they've given us.
One has to add a bit more alcohol to what they've given us, and give it to them.
And we must drink up their alcohol — we all get together and drink.
We have to have a discussion among friends, to discuss it and then get together and drink.
However many we are — dancers — all
get out the same amount and buy it and give it to them, adding a little.
It was like that before too, when we danced.
That's why I asked about that in particular.
That is the same, it turns out.
Only your voices aren't the same.
Back then we drew our voices out long.
You don't draw them out.
That's the way it is, uncle. The voices have changed now, right?
But the song is the same.
It's one song — the song is the same.
Our voice has changed — the way of singing it is different — but the song is the same.
Today's and the old-time one doesn't quite agree.
Right.
They don't agree.
Actually, we aren't the same as your generation, uncle.
The reason we aren't the same — before, your consensus was more important.
We nowadays, if seven of us agree on a plan, out of the seven
three, four, five — later only that many of us will still agree —
"I'm not paying for that, hey!
I only ate this much, really!"
one of them will tell us.
So nowadays we don't get solidarity, among the group of young men.
Before, we paid equally, clan-brothers and clan-sisters. [Clan-siblings can not dance together, but they used to go together to meet boys and girls of another clan.]
The sisters would pay however much the brothers paid.
We all took out the same amount and gave it to them.
They [the other clan] came, both brothers and sisters. We went, brothers and sisters together.
Just as you said, back then we would dance with people from the Tamur Khola, from Sauden.
We danced with people from Lingthep.
When we gave each other gifts, we all paid equally.
You all pay equally too, I suppose, as far as paying goes.
But there are always some who pay, and some who don't.
Some mainly drink beer, and as for dancing, they're mediocre dancers.
And there are some who don't take out their money.
Some of us pay.
We people aren't the same.
We're not the same.
They're like that. You're telling it straight.
That fits. But our custom — nowadays — its become like that, let's say.
Back then, in your generation, uncle, if women invited you up somewhere, over somewhere,
you went together, clan-brothers and sisters, no?
Yes.
When you went, you really agreed together and you went.
Now, how it is,
we — either we clan-brothers go by ourselves, we don't take the girls,
and the clan-sisters, if some young men invite them up, over somewhere,
it's the same — they go by themselves.
They don't want their clan-brothers.
That's become the custom nowadays.
Before, unless the brothers and sisters went together, you didn't go.
But now, with us, there's no question of brothers and sisters going together, as far as that's concerned.
But you all, when you've gone dancing and you come back, nowadays you go to bed.
With the knowledge of your parents, you go dancing and then you come back.
And then you go to bed. You don't go to the work-party. You're not afraid, nowadays.
We, before, how we were —
Without our parents knowing, when we went dancing,
the boys and girls had to agree, all the friends had to agree, and then we went.
Later, when we came back, our parents were already sleeping.
We didn't fall asleep.
Directly they gave us food, we took up our hoes.
Then we set out for the work-party. We went.
Then over there, if we slept, the clan-brothers and sisters —
Now if the sisters were asleep, it was the brothers who would hoe,
and again later, when the sisters got up and hoed, they would hoe by turns.
So at home our parents didn't scold us, they didn't even know.
Nowadays you just sleep, when you come back.
That's how I see it.
That's the way you are here in the village, nowadays!
We are, but
before, uncle, when you went dancing and came back,
you set out directly to work.
But nowadays, we don't have a custom like your generation's, uncle.
Now there are one or two like that. There are only one or two.
When they go dancing and come back, the sleepers stay sleeping.
The ones who go to work, it's the ones who are a little afraid of their parents.
Now uncle, suppose your son Chandre goes to the fair to dance, OK?
Hmm.
When he goes — "Oh, I have some work to do at school today."
"Today I have to supervise some laborers hoeing."
[He thinks:] "If I sleep in, my father is strict, he'll abuse me, he'll hit me, he'll kill me,"
he thinks, and he goes off immediately.
But its the same — It's like that if the parents are a little strict, if they inspire fear.
Then the children fear us, they fear us like that.
They fear us, and they work.
But when we plowed,
The amount that we plowed, you all can only plow in two days.
The amount we plowed in one day, you plow in two days.
Your father's — as much as was your father had in him — uh — you don't have the stamina.
Otherwise you should be able to plow as much as the old-timers.
They used to say, compared to the amount my father's generation plowed, "You don't plow as much." My mother used to tell me that.
"You don't plow as much as your father used to plow," she told me.
That's what they said.
And when they said how much stone wall they laid, or how much wood they carried, I was unable to do it.
The amount my father carried, the amount of rock my father turned over and laid down, I couldn't do it.
The old-timers back then were stronger.
They were strong. But it is like this, uncle.
And compared to the old-timers — they were strong, as far as that goes — but now also there are some of us who are strong.
The more work we do, the stronger we are, it turns out.
If we just hang around, not doing any work, then we are not strong.
Our bodies go a bit to seed. They go to seed and we aren't strong.
What do you say?
It's like this, uncle.
Now in the Kali Yug, we youngsters keep going downhill, further and further.
We don't match the amount of work that your generation did before, uncle.
We can't even match the amount that you ate.
Similarly, your grandchildren can't match the amount of work we do.
Right.
So, the men before, who were touched by the Golden Age, were strong, but now those of the Kali Yug are only like this.
Right. That's the straight story.
Now, what's your opinion concerning us Limbus and the Nepalis?
The Limbu eats, and he works.
But now, what's happened, you all speak a little more Nepali [when speaking Limbu].
You've lost a little of the Limbu language.
It's a case of ?? eating what they eat — you all have gone a bit down that road.
You've gone that way.
Now as far as being strong, one who is a little bigger, a little taller, whose bones are a bit bigger, he's a bit stronger, no?
If one's bones are small, if one is small, one isn't strong.
No.
One who is a bit bigger will be a bit heavier.
He'll be heavier.
So …
So — go ahead, speak.
As to how it came about, calling ourselves "Yakthungba" — we're yakthungba.
The word "yakthungba" — is it "yakthungba" or is it "akthungba"? Between these two.
Is it "yakthungba" or is it "akthungba"?
Now that I think of it, "yakthungba" — it's not "yakthungba", it's more like "akthungba".
Hmm.
Is it true? Is it like that? It's like that, no, uncle?
If we say "akthungba" — as long as there's something inside the pot, since one served it ["aktu"] and drank it ["thung"], it's like "akthungba" right!
The expression "yakthungba" — whatever's inside ["yak"] — "yakthungba".
"yak", "yakthungba".
That's what I'm asking you.
Then indeed it must be "yakthungba".
We are people who eat only as long as there is ["yak"] something in the house, right?
"yakthungba", "akthungba".
Whatever there is in the house,
or in the storage-pot
"akthungba", "yakthungba", "akthungba".
When it's finished, it's finished for us Limbus.
Maybe that's why they say "akthungba" [??].
We have no thought for what to eat tomorrow, or the next day.
If I've eaten just now, eating tomorrow or the next day —
I don't need it!
Our Limbu philosophy is like that, huh?
[To the linguist:] That's it, sir.

S1

H:

narəd lɛ attiatti kɛyuŋma kɛmɛnchiahaˀ mɛwayɛ?

Narad, where were your various woman-friends from?

narəd-lɛ

Narad-GEN

atti-atti

where-where

kɛ-yuŋ-ma

ACT-stay.S1-INF

kɛ-mɛnchia-haˀ

ACT-woman-PL

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S2

N:

iŋga amɛnchia kɔ khəi ! kurɛm mɛwayɛ.

My woman-friends, well!, there have been a lot of them.

iŋga

1SG

a-mɛnchia

1SG-woman

kɔ

TOP

khəi

well

kurɛm

plenty

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S3

N:

amɛnchiahaˀ kohi ɛttho thɔŋlɔŋ kɛyuŋmaaŋ mɛwayɛ.

Some were from up here in Thonglong,

a-mɛnchia-haˀ

1SG-woman-PL

kohi

someone

ɛttho

up.here

thɔŋlɔŋ

Thonglong

kɛ-yuŋ-ma-aŋ

ACT-stay.S1-NOM.F-also

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S4

N:

kohi ɛttho tho pandɔtluŋ kɛyuŋmaaŋ mɛwayɛ.

and some were from up in Pandotlung,

kohi

someone

ɛttho

up.here

tho

up

pandotluŋ

Pandotlung

kɛ-yuŋ-ma-aŋ

ACT-stay.S1-NOM.F-also

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S5

N:

asenba ro! — tərə puraniya kohi ɛtna liŋdhɛppa mɛwayɛ.

recent ones — but some of the old ones were from Lingthep.

asen-pa

before-NOM

ro

EXCL

tərə

but

puraniya

old.ones

kohi

someone

ɛtna

over.here

liŋdhɛp-pa

Lingthep-NOM

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S6

N:

khɔmbhɛaŋ attiatti ɛtyo kohi khɔkliŋbaaŋ mɛwayɛ.

And some were from down in Khokling.

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

then-CJ

atti-atti

where-where

ɛtyo

here.below

kohi

someone

khɔkliŋ-pa-aŋ

Khokling-NOM-also

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S7

N:

tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ khɔkliŋbanu cəĩ anigɛ sɛːrigɛ.

But now we've broken off with the Khokling ones.

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛllɛ

then

khɔkliŋ-pa-nu

Khokling-NOM-SOC

cəĩ

TOP

anigɛ

1PL.EX

sɛːr-igɛ

separate.S2-1PL.EX

S8

N:

ɛmbhɛllɛ ɛttho thɔŋlɔŋbanu — liŋdhɛppanu anigɛ sorik wayigɛ.

Now we are together with ones from Thonglong, with ones from Lingthep.

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

ɛttho

up.here

thɔŋlɔŋ-pa-nu

Thonglong-NOM-SOC

liŋdhɛp-pa-nu

Lingthep-NOM-SOC

anigɛ

1PL.EX

sorik

together

way-igɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX

S9

N:

khɔmbha ɛtyo thɛdzɔŋbobahaˀci mɛwaˀ.

And there are a few from down in Thejongbo.

khɔmbha

thus

ɛtyo

here.below

thɛdzɔŋbo-pa-haˀ-ci

Thejongbo-NOM-PL-a.little

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

S10

H:

khɔmbhɔ kɛwayi'llɛ attihaˀrɛ cəĩ khɔmbhɔ kɛwayi'llɛ nurik kɛmmɛtti

When you were together, which ones treated you well

khɔmbhɔ

thus

kɛ-way-i-ɛllɛ

2-be.S2-12PL.SO-SUB

atti-haˀ-rɛ

which.one-PL-ERG

cəĩ

TOP

khɔmbhɔ

thus

kɛ-way-i-ɛllɛ

2-be.S2-12PL.SO-SUB

nurik

well

kɛm-mɛtt-i

3NSG→2-do.S2-12PL.SO

S11

H:

attihaˀrɛ cəĩ kɛmɛmmɛttinni nurik?

and which ones didn't treat you well?

atti-haˀ-rɛ

which.one-PL-ERG

cəĩ

TOP

kɛmɛn-mɛtt-in-i

3NSG→2.NEG-do.S2-12PL.SO.NEG-Q

nurik

well

S12

N:

khan kɔ nurik kɔ ɛmbhɔ ɛttho thɔŋlɔŋb'ɛnnu cəĩ sarik nurik wayigɛ.

As for that, we were really getting on well with the Thonglong ones.

kha-n

that-DEF

kɔ

TOP

nurik

well

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɔ

thus

ɛttho

up.here

thɔŋlɔŋ-pa-ɛn-nu

Thonglong-NOM-DEF-SOC

cəĩ

TOP

sarik

much

nurik

well

way-igɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX

S13

N:

khɔmbhɛaŋ khanhaˀnu sɛːrigɛ mɛːnni?

But then we separated from them, OK?

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

khan-haˀ-nu

that.one-PL-ABL

sɛːr-igɛ

separate.S2-1PL.EX

mɛːn-i

no-Q

S14

N:

sɛːrigɛaŋ kɔ ɛtyo thɛdzɔmbobanu tin bərsə the anigɛ sarik nurik wayigɛ.

After we separated, for about three years we got along very well with the ones from Thejomboba.

sɛːr-igɛ-aŋ

separate.S2-1PL.EX-CJ

kɔ

TOP

ɛtyo

here.below

thɛdzɔmbo-pa-nu

Thejongbo-NOM-SOC

tin

three

bərsə

year

the

what

anigɛ

1PL.EX

sarik

much

nurik

well

way-igɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX

S15

N:

anigɛ nurik mɛmɛttigɛaŋ ciʈʈhi yapmi mɛhaktɛ.

They treated us well and they sent us letters.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

nurik

well

mɛ-mɛtt-igɛ-aŋ

3PL-do.S2-1PL.EX-CJ

ciʈʈhi

letter

yapmi

1NSG.O

mɛ-hakt-ɛ

3PL-send.S2-PA

S16

N:

tərə khɔn mɛnchian allo ɛmbhɛllɛ mədes yo peaŋ yuŋ.

But that one has gone down to the plains nowadays.

tərə

but

khɔ-n

that-DEF

mɛnchia-n

woman-DEF

allo

now

ɛmbhɛllɛ

then

mədes

plains

yo

down.to

pe-aŋ

go.S2-CJ

yuŋ

stay.S1

S17

N:

tərə əru kudzumhaˀ rɔt mɛwaˀ. khɔmbhɛaŋ ɛmbhɛllɛ sɛːrigɛ — khɔnhaˀnu cəĩ .

Only her friends are there. But we broke up with them.

tərə

but

əru

other.PL

ku-cum-haˀ

3SG-friend-PL

rɔt

only

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

ɛmbhɛllɛ

then

sɛːr-igɛ

separate.S2-1PL.EX

khɔn-haˀ-nu

that.one-PL-ABL

cəĩ

TOP

S18

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ kunara num'ɛn sira adhaŋ kɛsira thaŋɛi

So, do you like ones with pretty faces

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

ku-nara

3SG-face

nu-ma-ɛn

good-NOM.F-DEF

sira

liking

a-thaŋ

1IN-come.up.S1

kɛ-sira

2-liking

thaŋ-ɛ-i

come.up.S2-PA-Q

S19

H:

ku sor kɛnuˀm'ɛn cəĩ kɛsira thaŋɛi khɛnɛa?

or do you like ones with nice voices?

ku-sor

3SG-voice

kɛ-nuˀ-ma-ɛn

ACT-good.S1-NOM.F-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

kɛ-sira

2-liking

thaŋ-ɛ-i

come.up.S2-PA-Q

khɛnɛ-a

2SG-EXPR

S20

N:

khɔn kɔ ɛmbhɔ ni pha —

N. It's like this:

khɔn

that

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɔ

thus

ni

EMPH

pha

COMP

S21

N:

kunara num'ɛn lɔt khɔn sira thaŋba paːnnɛn abhedaŋba phɛllɛ —

As far as only liking pretty ones —

ku-nara

3SG-face

nu-ma-ɛn

good-NOM.F-DEF

lɔt

only

khɔn

that

sira

liking

thaŋ-pa

come.up.S1-NOM

paːn-ɛn

speech-DEF

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

phɛllɛ

COMP

S22

N:

jəti khanhaˀnu yaˀ alaːk awaˀ abek həgi —

the more we go on dancing with them — isn't that right? —

jəti

as.much

khan-haˀ-nu

that.one-PL-SOC

yaˀ

paddy.PV

a-laːk

1IN-dance.S1

a-waˀ

1IN-be.S1

a-pek

1IN-go.S1

həgi

isn't.it

ki

or

S23

N:

yaˀ alaːkkɛllɛ khɔn jəstəi aphno thik maya mohə lag ba cok — lag ba cok pek.

when we dance, whatever she's like, we are fond of her — we get more and more fond of her.

yaˀ

paddy.PV

a-laːk-ɛllɛ

1IN-dance.S1-SUB

khɔn

that

jəsto-əi

as-INTENS

aphno

own

thik

one

maya

love

mohə

love

lag-pa

strike-NOM

cok

do.S1

lag-pa

strike-NOM

cok

do.S1

pek

go.S1

S24

N:

khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ aphno cal cələn — mɛmma — tɔŋ pek.

Our manners — or whatever — come to agree —

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

kɔ

TOP

aphno

own

cal

behavior

cələn

custom

mɛmma

?same

tɔŋ

agree.S1

pek

go.S1

S25

N:

hitcit tɔŋ mɛtma poksɛ.

our feelings are in harmony, I should say.

hitcit

feeling

tɔŋ

agree.S1

mɛt-ma

say.S1-INF

poks-ɛ

become.S2-PA

S26

N:

cal cələn mɛːndu — hittəcittə — aphno hittəcittə tɔŋɛ.

It's not our manners, its our feelings — we sympathise.

cal

behavior

cələn

custom

mɛːndu

is.not

hittəcittə

feeling

aphno

own

hittəcittə

feeling

tɔŋ-ɛ

agree.S2-PA

S27

N:

tɔŋɛaŋ kɔ alla aphno sor ɛnnaŋ tɔŋɛ.

When we sympathize, then our voices harmonize as well.

tɔŋ-ɛ-aŋ

agree.S2-PA-CJ

kɔ

TOP

alla

now

aphno

own

sor-ɛn-aŋ

voice-DEF-also

tɔŋ-ɛ

agree.S2-PA

S28

N:

alla cahe — khallɛ ku ənuhar numa hos tap phɛːnba hos

Now her face may be pretty or it may be ugly,

alla

now

cahe

whether

khan-lɛ

that.one-GEN

ku-ənuhar

3SG-face

nu-ma

good-NOM.F

hos

let.be

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa

bad.S1-NOM

hos

let.be

S29

N:

aphno sor ɛnnaŋ tɔŋ— sor ɛnnaŋ tɔŋɛ, aphno hittəcittə aŋ tɔŋɛ.

if our voices are in harmony and our thoughts are in harmony

aphno

own

sor-ɛn-aŋ

voice-DEF-also

sor-ɛn-aŋ

voice-DEF-also

tɔŋ-ɛ

agree.S2-PA

aphno

own

hittəcittə-aŋ

feeling-also

tɔŋ-ɛ

agree.S2-PA

S30

N:

khɔmbhɛ khanhaˀnu cəĩ waˀma sira adhaŋ pek lətchə ni .

then it becomes a pleasure to be together with them.

khɔmbhɛ

thus

khan-haˀ-nu

that.one-PL-SOC

cəĩ

TOP

waˀ-ma

be.S1-INF

sira

liking

a-thaŋ

1IN-come.up.S1

pek

go.S1

rətchə

EVID

ni

EMPH

S31

N:

tərə əgaɖi ba khɛni — phɔŋa — ambhɔŋasirɛ khɛni —

But in the past, your generation, uncle —

tərə

but

əgaɖi-pa

before-NOM

khɛni

2PL

phɔŋa

jun.pat.uncle

a-phɔŋa-si-rɛ

1SG-jun.pat.uncle-PL-ERG

khɛni

2PL

S32

H:

kohi cumlɛ abhe mɛdzogu phɛllɛ

Some of our friends, what they did —

kohi

someone

cum-lɛ

friend-ERG

abhe

how

mɛ-cog-u

3PL-do.S2-3SG.O

phɛllɛ

COMP

S33

H:

kunara num'ɛnnu rɔt yaˀ mɛraːktɛ — yaˀ mɛraːktuba nisuŋ.

they only danced with pretty ones — I saw them dance like that.

ku-nara

3SG-face

nu-ma-ɛn-nu

good-NOM.F-DEF-SOC

rɔt

only

yaˀ

paddy.PV

mɛ-raːkt-ɛ

3PL-dance.S2-PA

yaˀ

paddy.PV

mɛ-raːkt-u-pa

3PL-dance.S2-3SG.O-NOM

nis-uŋ

see.S2-1SG→3SG

S34

H:

kohi cumlɛ kunara tap phɛːnbanusaŋ yaˀ mɛraːktɛ.

Some danced even with ugly ones as well.

kohi

someone

cum-lɛ

friend-ERG

ku-nara

3SG-face

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa-nu-saŋ

bad.S1-NOM-SOC-CONCESS

yaˀ

paddy.PV

mɛ-raːkt-ɛ

3PL-dance.S2-PA

S35

H:

tərə kunara numasaŋ ku sor kɔ tap phɛːnba

But though one might be pretty, her voice might be ugly,

tərə

but

ku-nara

3SG-face

nu-ma-saŋ

good-NOM.F-CONCESS

ku-sor

3SG-voice

kɔ

TOP

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa

bad.S1-NOM

S36

H:

— ə̃ — kunara ya tap phɛːnbasaŋ ku sor nuba.

and an ugly one might have a nice voice.

ə̃

umm

ku-nara

3SG-face

ya

EXPR

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa-saŋ

bad.S1-NOM-CONCESS

ku-sor

3SG-voice

nu-pa

good-NOM

S37

H:

khɔmdaŋba mɛnchiahaˀnu attihaˀnu laːkma kɛsira thaŋɛ əghi phɛaŋ kɔ sen tonɛba.

So that's why I asked before which women you liked to dance with.

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

mɛnchia-haˀ-nu

woman-PL-SOC

atti-haˀ-nu

which.one-PL-SOC

laːk-ma

dance.S1-INF

kɛ-sira

2-liking

thaŋ-ɛ

come.up.S2-PA

əghi

before

phɛaŋ

COMP

kɔ

TOP

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S38

N:

han kɔ ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ abhebhɛllɛ iŋga ittuŋŋaŋ khɔm rɔt abhebhɛllɛ aphəi hitcit tɔŋ.

Its like this — when I've thought about it its just that — if the feelings are in harmony.

ha-n

that-DEF

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɛllɛ

then

cəĩ

TOP

abhe-phɛllɛ

how-COMP

iŋga

1SG

itt-uŋ-aŋ

think.S2-1SG→3SG-CJ

khɔm

thus

rɔt

only

abhe-phɛllɛ

how-COMP

aphəi

self

hitcit

feeling

tɔŋ

agree.S1

S39

N:

tərə ɛmbhɛllɛsaŋ khɔmdaŋba khunchi cələn waˀ.

Even so, some peoples' way is —

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛllɛ-saŋ

then-CONCESS

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

khunchi

3NSG

cələn

custom

waˀ

be.S1

S40

N:

theaŋ hop — jun ci caŋ cinuba caksu — mɛːnni? —

there's nothing [else that matters]! — whichever one wears nice clothes, OK?

the-aŋ

what-also

hop

not.be.S1

jun

whichever.one

ci

a.little

caŋ

clothing

ci-nu-pa

a.little-good-NOM

caks-u

wear.S2-3SG.O

mɛːn-i

not-Q

S41

N:

atti'llɛ koʈ ɛmbhɛ jutta ɛmbhɛ nuba caksuaŋ waˀ

Whichever one has put on a nice coat and nice shoes,

atti-ɛllɛ

which.one-GEN

koʈ

coat

ɛmbhɛ

thus

jutta

shoe

ɛmbhɛ

thus

nu-pa

good-NOM

caks-u-aŋ

wear.S2-3SG.O-CJ

waˀ

be.S1

S42

N:

khallɛ cəĩ khanhaˀnu rɔt yaˀ kɛraːkpaŋ mɛwaˀ kohi kɔ.

some people only dance with them.

khan-lɛ

that.one-ERG

cəĩ

TOP

khan-haˀ-nu

that.one-PL-SOC

rɔt

only

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːk-pa-ŋ

ACT-dance.S1-NOM-also

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

kohi

someone

kɔ

TOP

S43

H:

khɔmbhɔ. tərə ɛmbhɛdaŋba mɔna awaˀ abhedaŋba awaˀ phɛllɛ — ani yakthuŋba awaˀɛllɛ —

Just so. But we are like this — what we're like — we Limbus,

khɔmbhɔ

thus

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛdaŋba

like.this

mɔna

man

a-waˀ

1IN-be.S1

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

a-waˀ

1IN-be.S1

phɛllɛ

COMP

ani

1PL.IN

yakthuŋ-pa

Limbu-NOM

a-waˀ-ɛllɛ

1IN-be.S1-SUB

S44

H:

kunara tap phɛːnbasaŋ ku sor tap phɛːnbasaŋ theyaːndɔk yaˀ araːk, nurik abaːt aet phɔgɔrɔ

even if her face is ugly and her voice is ugly, all the same if we dance and we talk and laugh nicely, day after day,

ku-nara

3SG-face

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa-saŋ

bad.S1-NOM-CONCESS

ku-sor

3SG-voice

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa-saŋ

bad.S1-NOM-CONCESS

theyaːndɔk

nonetheless

yaˀ

paddy.PV

a-raːk

1IN-dance.S1

nurik

well

a-paːt

1IN-speak.S1

a-et

1IN-laugh.S1

phɔgɔrɔ

if

S45

H:

khɔnnɛn nuba ni tɛt lətchə mɔna'llɛ.

why, she seems pretty.

khɔn-ɛn

that.one-DEF

nu-pa

good-NOM

ni

see.S1

tɛt

be.possible.S1

rətchə

EVID

mɔna-ɛllɛ

man-?DEF.ERG

S46

H:

anigɛ əghi khɔmbha wayigɛ'llɛ

Before, when we were like that,

anigɛ

1PL.EX

əghi

before

khɔmbha

thus

way-igɛ-ɛllɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX-SUB

S47

H:

khɔmdaŋ khunchi nara tap phɛːnbasaŋ khunchi sor tap phɛːnba saŋ

even though their faces were ugly and their voices were ugly,

khɔmdaŋ

thus.ADJ

khunchi

3NSG

nara

face

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa-saŋ

bad.S1-NOM-CONCESS

khunchi

3NSG

sor

voice

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa

bad.S1-NOM

saŋ

CONCESS

S48

H:

yaˀ raːkti pegigɛ'llɛ anigɛ nuba nisumsimbɛ mɛnchiahaˀ.

when we went on dancing we saw them as beautiful, those women.

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-i

dance.S2-12PL.SO

peg-igɛ-ɛllɛ

go.S2-1PL.EX-SUB

anigɛ

1PL.EX

nu-pa

good-NOM

nis-umsimbɛ

see.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG

mɛnchia-haˀ

woman-PL

S49

N:

ə̃

Hmm.

ə̃

umm

S50

H:

khɔmbhɔ khɔ mɛnchiahaˀ anigɛaŋ nuba mɛnisigɛ.

And those women saw us as good-looking too.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

khɔ

that

mɛnchia-haˀ

woman-PL

anigɛ-aŋ

1PL.EX-also

nu-pa

good-NOM

mɛ-nis-igɛ

3PL-see.S2-1PL.EX

S51

H:

khɔmbhɛllɔ kɔ khɛnɛ sen tonɛba —

So that's why I'm asking you.

khɔmbhɛllɔ

thus

kɔ

TOP

khɛnɛ

2SG

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S52

H:

abhedaŋ abhedaŋba mɛnchiahaˀ mɛwayɛ

What kinds of women were there,

abhedaŋ

REDUP

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

mɛnchia-haˀ

woman-PL

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S53

H:

abheabhebhɛllɛ yaˀ kɛraːkti

and how did you dance

abhe-abhe-phɛllɛ

how-how-COMP

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-i

2-paddy.dance.S2-12PL.SO

S54

H:

iŋga sen tonɛba.

is what I'm asking you.

iŋga

1SG

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S55

N:

tərə khɔn kɔ əgaɖi ba cələn kusik kɔ mɛlɔˀnɛn theaŋ —

The custom is not the same as before, because —

tərə

but

khɔn

that

kɔ

TOP

əgaɖi-pa

before-NOM

cələn

custom

kusik

like

kɔ

TOP

mɛ-lɔˀ-nɛn

NEG-be.S1-NEG

the-aŋ

what-also

S56

N:

ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ abhedaŋba

how it is nowadays —

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

cəĩ

TOP

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

S57

N:

asen — alla kɔ ambhɔŋasi səttejug ɛllɛ kɛsusiba ho ki ?

before — uncle's generation experienced the golden age, right?

asen

before

alla

now

kɔ

TOP

a-phɔŋa-si

1SG-jun.pat.uncle-PL

səttejug-ɛllɛ

golden.age-ERG

kɛ-sus-i-pa

2-waft.S2-12PL.SO-NOM

ho

it.is

ki

or

S58

N:

alla səttejug mɛtma anigɛ itm'ɛllɛ səttejug tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ

Now the golden age — when we think of it it was the golden age, but now

alla

now

səttejug

golden.age

mɛt-ma

say.S1-INF

anigɛ

1PL.EX

it-ma-ɛllɛ

think.S1-INF-SUB

səttejug

golden.age

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

cəĩ

TOP

S59

N:

jun lɛ ci caŋ ɛmbhɛba mɛtma nuba caksu — caŋ thehaˀ —

whoever wears nicer clothes and so on …

jun-lɛ

whichever.one-ERG

ci

a.little

caŋ

clothing

ɛmbhɛ-pa

thus-NOM

mɛt-ma

say.S1-INF

nu-pa

good-NOM

caks-u

wear.S2-3SG.O

caŋ

clothing

the-haˀ

what-PL

S60

H:

khɔn kɔ khɔmbhɛ a. tərə ɛmbha kɔ mɛːn a.

Well, it's like that, but that's not the point.

khɔn

that

kɔ

TOP

khɔmbhɛ

thus

a

EXPR

tərə

but

ɛmbha

thus

kɔ

TOP

mɛːn

not

a

EXPR

S61

H:

khɔ jug jug mɛːndukki, — mɔnan kɔ ani lɔtthik —

It's not a question of this age or that age, is it? -- we people are the same,

khɔ

that

jug

age

jug

age

mɛːnduk-i

is.not-Q

ki

or

mɔna-n

man-DEF

kɔ

TOP

ani

1PL.IN

lɔt-thik

only-one

S62

H:

ani nɛksaŋ lɔtthik, mikkaŋ lɔtthik jəmmə kudɔŋba pɔt — mɛːnni?

our flesh is the same, our eyes are the same, everything has stayed the same, no?

ani

1PL.IN

nɛksa-ŋ

flesh-also

lɔt-thik

only-one

mik-aŋ

eye-also

lɔt-thik

only-one

jəmmə

all

ku-tɔŋ-pa

3SG-agree.S1-NOM

pɔt

be.suspended.S1

mɛːn-i

not-Q

S63

H:

tərə jug ɛn kɔ khan kɔ mɛːnduk.

It's not the age.

tərə

but

jug-ɛn

age-DEF

kɔ

TOP

kha-n

that-DEF

kɔ

TOP

mɛːnduk

is.not

S64

H:

tərə khamdaŋba mɔna abhedaŋba abhedaŋba mɛwayɛ.

But the kind of people, what kind were they?

tərə

but

khamdaŋba

thus.ADJ

mɔna

man

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

S65

H:

abhebhɛllɛ khambha yaˀ kɛraːkti —

How did you dance?

abhe-phɛllɛ

how-COMP

khambha

thus

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-i

2-dance.S2-12PL.SO

S66

H:

abhe abhedaŋba mɛwayɛ phɛaŋ sen tonɛ — pha rɔt ni.

What kind of people were there? — I'm asking you.

abhe

how

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

phɛaŋ

COMP

sen

PV

to-nɛ

ask.S1-1SG→2SG

pha

COMP

rɔt

only

ni

EMPH

S67

H:

ɛmbhɛllɛsaŋ uhi sa pha yaˀ raːkmasaŋ uhi .

Even so, now, its the same — in dancing, its the same,

ɛmbhɛllɛ-saŋ

thus-CONCESS

uhi-sa

that.same-ADV

pha

COMP

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-ma-saŋ

dance.S1-INF-CONCESS

uhi

that.same

S68

H:

hɔnɛ paːnnɛn lɔtcha cɛːtcik pɛni paːnnɛtmu pɔːndɛrɔ — pɔːndɛ lasɛaŋ yak.

only the language has got a bit mixed with Nepali — its gotten mixed in —

hɔnɛ

for.no.reason

paːn-ɛn

speech-DEF

lɔt-sa

only-EMPH

cɛːtcik

a.little

pɛni

brahman

paːn-ɛtmu

speech-in

pɔːnd-ɛ-rɔ

mix.S2-PA-PROG

pɔːnd-ɛ

mix.S2-PA

las-ɛ-aŋ

enter.S2-PA-CJ

yak

be.in.S1

S69

H:

mɛːŋgɔrɔ əghi kɔ yakthuŋ paːn lɔt paːtmuna.

otherwise, before we spoke only Limbu —

mɛːn-kɔrɔ

not-if

əghi

before

kɔ

TOP

yakthuŋ

Limbu

paːn

speech

lɔt

only

paːt-muna

speak.S1-GER

S70

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔn sen tonɛba ni iŋga kɔ. …

that's what I'm asking.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔn

that

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

ni

EMPH

iŋga

1SG

kɔ

TOP

S71

H:

khɛnɛ yaˀ kɛraːktɛba iŋga nisuŋŋaŋ wayɛ nirɛŋ sumlɛŋ —

I've seen you dancing two or three times.

khɛnɛ

2SG

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-ɛ-pa

2-dance.S2-PA-NOM

iŋga

1SG

nis-uŋ-aŋ

see.S2-1SG→3SG-CJ

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

nirɛŋ

twice

sumlɛŋ

thrice

S72

H:

səŋkranti yaˀ kɛraːktɛ. ramdali yaˀ kɛraːktɛ.

You danced at Sankranti, you danced at Ramdali.

səŋkranti

Sakrante

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-ɛ

2-dance.S2-PA

ramdali

Ramdali

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-ɛ

2-dance.S2-PA

S73

H:

yo thuʔyadu kɛbegi khatyo yaˀ kɛraːkti.

You all went down and danced at Thukyadu.

yo

down

thuʔyadu

Thukyadu

kɛ-peg-i

2-go.S2-12PL.SO

khatyo

down.there

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-i

2-dance.S2-12PL.SO

S74

H:

taplejuŋ aŋ thiklɛŋ yaˀ kɛraːktuba iŋga nisuŋ.

I saw you dance once at Taplejung as well.

taplejuŋ-aŋ

Taplejung-also

thiklɛŋ

once

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-u-pa

2-dance.S2-3SG.O-NOM

iŋga

1SG

nis-uŋ

see.S2-1SG→3SG

S75

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ iŋga khɛnɛ sen tonɛba.

So I'm asking you.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

iŋga

1SG

khɛnɛ

2SG

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S76

N:

khɔmbhɛaŋ poŋ tərə the phɛllɛ — ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ alla — əgaɖi kɔ khɔmbhɔ wayɛ

Thats also true but — before it was like that.

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

poŋ

become.S1

tərə

but

the

what

phɛllɛ

COMP

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

cəĩ

TOP

alla

now

əgaɖi

before

kɔ

TOP

khɔmbhɔ

thus

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

S77

N:

tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ — ləu ! the! — ɛmbhɛbhɔ —

But now its like this —

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛllɛ

then

cəĩ

TOP

ləu

INTERJ

the

what

ɛmbhɛbhɔ

thus

S78

N:

caŋwaːn nuba kɛdzaŋba khɔmdaŋba atti ku sor kɛnuˀb'ɛllɔt o mɛmɛttusi hindzaɛllɛ o.

The ones that are nicely dressed and have nice voices — the youngsters look at them only.

caŋ-waːn

clothing-ornament

nu-pa

good-NOM

kɛ-caŋ-pa

ACT-clothing-NOM

khɔmdaŋba

that.ADJ

atti

which.one

ku-sor

3SG-voice

kɛ-nuˀ-pa-ɛn-lɔt

ACT-good.S1-NOM-DEF-only

o

look.PV

mɛ-mɛtt-usi

3PL-do.S2-3.O.NSG

hindza-ɛllɛ

youngster-DEF.ERG

o

EXCL

S79

H:

khɔmbhɔ mɛlɔˀrɛaŋsa sen tonɛba.

It's because they say that that I asked you.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

mɛ-lɔˀr-ɛ-aŋ-sa

3PL-say.S2-PA-CJ-ADV

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S80

N:

hindzaɛllɛ khɔmdaŋba o mɛmɛttusi —

The young girls only look at that kind —

hindza-ɛllɛ

youngster-DEF.ERG

khɔmdaŋba

that.ADJ

o

look.PV

mɛ-mɛtt-usi

3PL-do.S2-3.O.NSG

S81

N:

attin ʈopi pɛrɛkkɛkkɛkpa khuːksu,

whichever one wears a cap at a rakish angle,

atti-n

which.one-DEF

ʈopi

cap

pɛrɛkkɛkkɛkpa

ONOM.rakishly

khuːks-u

wear.on.head.S2-3SG.O

S82

N:

atti'llɛ caŋ cinuba caksu,

whichever one wears nice clothes,

atti-ɛllɛ

which.one-DEF.ERG

caŋ

clothing

ci-nu-pa

a.little-good-NOM

caks-u

wear.S2-3SG.O

S83

N:

atti'llɛ ku sor ɛn nuˀ,

whichever one's voice is beautiful,

atti-ɛllɛ

which.one-DEF.GEN

ku-sor-ɛn

3SG-voice-DEF

nuˀ

good.S1

S84

N:

khannɛn lɔt khunchi hindzahaˀrɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ hindzahaˀrɛ o — khanhaˀ — o mɛmɛttusi.

they only look at him.

khan-ɛn

that.one-DEF

lɔt

only

khunchi

3NSG

hindza-haˀ-rɛ

youngster-PL-ERG

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

hindza-haˀ-rɛ

youngster-PL-ERG

o

look.PV

khan-haˀ

that-PL

o

look.PV

mɛ-mɛtt-usi

3PL-do.S2-3.O.NSG

S85

H:

khɔmbhɔ. anigɛ kɔ ɛmbhɔ ʈopi pɛr'kkɛkkɛkpa kɛghuːŋba,

Exactly. But as for us, the one who wore his cap stylishly,

khɔmbhɔ

thus

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɔ

thus

ʈopi

cap

pɛr'kkɛkkɛkpa

ONOM.rakishly

kɛ-khuːŋ-pa

ACT-wear.on.head.S1-NOM

S86

H:

colo nuba kɛdzaŋba, sim nuba kɛdzaŋba,

who wore a pretty blouse, a pretty skirt,

colo

blouse

nu-pa

good-NOM

kɛ-caŋ-pa

ACT-clothing-NOM

sim

skirt

nu-pa

good-NOM

kɛ-caŋ-pa

ACT-clothing-NOM

S87

H:

khamdaŋba kɔ mɛːndu. anigɛ kɔ abhedaŋba phɛllɛ alla thiklɛŋ yaˀ raːktigɛ,

that wasn't our kind — the way we were, we danced one day,

khamdaŋba-pa

thus.ADJ-NOM

kɔ

TOP

mɛːndu

is.not

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

phɛllɛ

COMP

alla

now

thiklɛŋ

once

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX

S88

H:

yammu niyaːn sumyaːn lɛ thiklɛŋ laːktumbɛ,

and then we danced again after two or three days,

yammu

again

niyaːn

two.days

sumyaːn

three.days

lɛ

INST

thiklɛŋ

once

laːkt-umbɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

S89

H:

khɔmbhɛaŋ niyaːn sumyaːn yaˀ araːk abekkaŋ kɔ

and then after we'd gone on dancing two or three days,

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

niyaːn

two.days

sumyaːn

three.days

yaˀ

paddy.PV

a-raːk

1IN-dance.S1

a-pek-aŋ

1IN-go.S1-CJ

kɔ

TOP

S90

H:

tap phɛːnba mɔnannaŋ nuba ni tɛt lətchə .

why, even an ugly person came to look good.

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa

bad.S1-NOM

mɔna-n-aŋ

man-DEF-also

nu-pa

good-NOM

ni

see.S1

tɛt

be.possible.S1

rətchə

EVID

S91

N:

nuba ni tɛt tərə aphno maya prem bəs pa cok mɛtmuna o.

They come to look good — you've fallen in love, let's say.

nu-pa

good-NOM

ni

see.S1

tɛt

be.possible.S1

tərə

but

aphno

own

maya

love

prem

love

bəs-pa

stay-NOM

cok

do.S1

mɛt-muna

say.S1-GER

o

EXCL

S92

H:

khɔmbhɔ. khɔmbhɛaŋ anigɛ kɔ khɔmbhɔ yaˀ raːktigɛ pegigɛ'llɛ

Right. That way when we went on dancing

khɔmbhɔ

thus

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

khɔmbhɔ

thus

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX

peg-igɛ-ɛllɛ

go.S2-1PL.EX-SUB

S93

H:

nuba tap phɛːnba kunara o mɛmmɛtpa anigɛ kɔ.

we didn't look whether her face was beautiful or ugly.

nu-pa

good-NOM

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa

bad.S1-NOM

ku-nara

3SG-face

o

look.PV

mɛn-mɛt-pa

NEG-do.S1-NOM

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

S94

H:

sor aŋ nuba tap phɛːnba khɔmdaŋba anigɛ o mɛmmɛtpa.

Her voice, too, we didn't even consider if it was beautiful.

sor-aŋ

voice-also

nu-pa

good-NOM

tap

PV

phɛːn-pa

bad.S1-NOM

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

anigɛ

1PL.EX

o

look.PV

mɛn-mɛt-pa

NEG-do.S1-NOM

S95

N:

əgaɖi ko cələn nuba.

The old way was good.

əgaɖi-ko

before-of

cələn

custom

nu-pa

good-NOM

S96

H:

lɛplɔˀ laːtmaŋ yammu yaˀ raːksɛ lasigɛaŋ anigɛ paːn khɔmbhɔ — lɔːn pekma hoptɛ.

Once we went right there, once we started dancing, our rule was, there was no going out.

lɛp-lɔˀ

ONOM-ADV

laːt-ma-ŋ

enter.S1-INF-CJ

yammu

again

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

las-igɛ-aŋ

enter.S2-1PL.EX-CJ

anigɛ

1PL.EX

paːn

speech

khɔmbhɔ

thus

lɔːn

come.out.S1

pek-ma

go.S1-INF

hopt-ɛ

not.be.S2-PA

S97

H:

ɛmbha lasigɛaŋ kɔ yaˀ raːktigɛ the! — khɔmbha palammɛn paːttumbɛrɔ teˀrumbɛ.

We started, we danced, we went on singing the songs,

ɛmbha

thus

las-igɛ-aŋ

enter.S2-1PL.EX-CJ

kɔ

TOP

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX

the

what

khɔmbha

thus

palam-ɛn

song-DEF

paːtt-umbɛ-rɔ

say.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-PROG

teˀr-umbɛ

take.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

S98

H:

paːttumbɛrɔ teˀrumbɛ khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ jəba seˀmat yusɛ kɔrɔ lɔːnmunaba.

we went on singing and then, if we had to pee we went out,

paːtt-umbɛ-rɔ

say.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-PROG

teˀr-umbɛ

take.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

kɔ

TOP

jəba

when

seˀmat

urine

yus-ɛ

send.down.S2-PA

kɔrɔ

if

lɔːn-muna-pa

come.out.S1-GER-NOM

S99

H:

hi yusɛ kɔrɔ lɔːnmunaba.

if we had to shit we went out,

hi

shit

yus-ɛ

send.down.S2-PA

kɔrɔ

if

lɔːn-muna-pa

come.out.S1-GER-NOM

S100

H:

hi seˀmat ni mɛyunɛn phɔgɔrɔ ɛmbha yaːkmunaba. nam taːttaːtchaŋ yaːkmunaba ni.

but if we didn't we stayed, even until daybreak.

hi

shit

seˀmat

urine

ni

EMPH

mɛ-yu-nɛn

NEG-feel.S1-NEG

phɔgɔrɔ

if

ɛmbha

thus

yaːk-muna-pa

stay.S1-GER-NOM

nam

sun

taːt-taːt-saŋ

bring.S1-bring.S1-CONCESS

yaːk-muna-pa

stay.S1-GER-NOM

ni

EMPH

S101

H:

attiatti thaŋb'ɛnnu atti mɛnchiaŋ mɔre nam taːttaːt yaˀ raːksi

If a young man and a girl danced for a long time, until dawn,

atti-atti

which.one-which.one

thaŋba-ɛn-nu

young.man-DEF-SOC

atti

which.one

mɛnchia-ŋ

woman-also

mɔre

long.time

nam

sun

taːt-taːt

bring.S1-bring.S1

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-si

dance.S1-DU

S102

H:

khan phaŋ khunchi nurik waˀsiba ani bicar cokma poŋ.

we had to think that that couple got along well.

kha-n

that-DEF

phaŋ

pair

khunchi

3NSG

nurik

well

waˀ-si-pa

be.S1-DU-NOM

ani

1PL.IN

bicar

thought

cok-ma

do.S1-INF

poŋ

must.S1

S103

H:

khamdaŋba wayɛ ɛmbha nam taːttaːtchaŋ yaːkmunabaasi hi seˀmat mɛllɔːntarik.

That's how we were — staying on even as the sun rose — until they had to pee.

khamdaŋba

thus.ADJ

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

ɛmbha

thus

nam

sun

taːt-taːt-saŋ

bring.S1-bring.S1-CONCESS

yaːk-muna-pa-asi

stay.S1-GER-NOM-3PL.COP

hi

shit

seˀmat

urine

mɛn-lɔːn-tarik

NEG-come.out.S1-up.to

S104

H:

ɛmbhɛllɛ khɛni abhedaŋba kisim abhebhɛllɛ abhedaŋba kɛlaːktum kɔ phɛaŋ sen tonɛba.

So I am asking you how you dance.

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɛni

2PL

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

kisim

sort

abhe-phɛllɛ

how-COMP

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

kɛ-laːkt-um

2-dance.S2-12PL→3SG

kɔ

TOP

phɛaŋ

COMP

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S105

N:

ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ cɛːtcik ci ku sor kɛnuˀb'ɛn thik tumu phɔgɔrɔ sɔpma yaˀ raːk.

Well, if a man meets someone who has a nice voice, he'll dance a while,

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

cɛːtcik

a.little

ci

a.little

ku-sor

3SG-voice

kɛ-nuˀ-pa-ɛn

ACT-good.S1-NOM-DEF

thik

one

tum-u

meet.S2-3SG.O

phɔgɔrɔ

if

sɔpma

moment

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk

dance.S1

S106

N:

nəbhəe dekhi cəĩ khannɛn yaˀ mɛraːknɛn.

otherwise he doesn't dance.

nəbhəe-dekhi

if.not-from

cəĩ

TOP

khan-ɛn

that.one-DEF

yaˀ

paddy.PV

mɛ-raːk-nɛn

NEG-dance.S1-NEG

S107

N:

atti thik mɛ-- — attin ci ku sor kɛnuˀma mɛnchia yaːk, khɔnnɛn — khɔnnɛnnu laːktuŋŋi.

Whichever woman has a nice voice, [I think:] will I dance with her?

atti

which.one

thik

one

mɛ

xx

atti-n

which.one-DEF

ci

a.little

ku-sor

3SG-voice

kɛ-nuˀ-ma

ACT-good.S1-NOM.F

mɛnchia

woman

yaːk

stay.S1

khɔn-ɛn

that.one-DEF

khɔn-ɛn-nu

that.one-DEF-SOC

laːkt-uŋ-i

dance.S2-1SG→3SG-Q

S108

N:

attin ci numa mɛnchiahaˀ, atti'llɛ khallɛ ci caŋŋɛn məilo dəilo mɛdzaksun,

One who is somewhat pretty, one who wears clothes that aren't all dirty,

atti-n

which.one-DEF

ci

a.little

nu-ma

good-NOM.F

mɛnchia

woman

haˀ

PL

atti-ɛllɛ

which.one-DEF.ERG

khan-lɛ

that.one-ERG

ci

a.little

caŋ-ɛn

clothing-DEF

məilo-dəilo

dirty-ECHO

mɛ-caks-un

NEG-wear.S2-3SG.O.NEG

S109

N:

caŋ cinuba caksu, ɛmbhɛba tatan pɔːtthaŋ khuːksu,

one who wears nice clothes, who wears a tartan headscarf,

caŋ

clothing

ci-nu-pa

a.little-good-NOM

caks-u

wear.S2-3SG.O

ɛmbhɛ-pa

thus-NOM

tatan

tartan

pɔːtthaŋ

shawl

khuːks-u

wear.on.head.S2-3SG.O

S110

N:

khɔnnu rɔt — khɔnnɛnnu rɔt yaˀ mɛraːk ɛmbhɛllɛ cəĩ .

they only dance with them, nowadays.

khɔn-nu

that.one-SOC

rɔt

only

khɔn-ɛn-nu

that-DEF-SOC

rɔt

only

yaˀ

paddy.PV

mɛ-raːk

3PL-dance.S1

ɛmbhɛllɛ

then

cəĩ

TOP

S111

H:

khɔmbhɔ. iŋgaaŋ khɔmdaŋba nisuŋŋaŋsa sen tonɛ.

Right. I've seen this so I'm asking you.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

iŋga-aŋ

1SG-also

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

nis-uŋ-aŋ-sa

see.S2-1SG→3SG-CJ-ADV

sen

PV

to-nɛ

ask.S1-1SG→2SG

S112

H:

khɔmdaŋba mɛwaˀ. khan kudopma kɛbaːttu rətchə khɛnɛ.

that's the way they are, you've told it straight.

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

khan

that

kudopma

straight

kɛ-paːtt-u

2-say.S2-3SG.O

rətchə

EVID

khɛnɛ

2SG

S113

H:

khamdaŋba ɛmbhɛllɛ mɔna cəĩ nuba caha mɛdzogɛ.

They only want nice-looking ones.

khamdaŋba

thus.ADJ

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

mɔna

man

cəĩ

TOP

nu-pa

good-NOM

caha

need.PV

mɛ-cog-ɛ

3PL-do.S2-PA

S114

H:

ku sor aŋ nuba kɛlɔːnbahaˀ, caŋŋaŋ nuba kɛdzaŋbahaˀ, khɔmdaŋbanu yaˀ kɛraːktɛ rətchə .

one who's voice comes out nicely, ones who wear nice clothes — that's the kind they dance with.

ku-sor-aŋ

3SG-voice-also

nu-pa

good-NOM

kɛ-lɔːn-pa-haˀ

ACT-come.out.S1-NOM-PL

caŋ-aŋ

clothing-also

nu-pa

good-NOM

kɛ-caŋ-pa-haˀ

ACT-clothing-NOM-PL

khɔmdaŋba-nu

like.that-SOC

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːkt-ɛ

ACT-dance.S2-PA

rətchə

EVID

S115

H:

anigɛ khɔmdaŋba hoptɛ. khɔmbhɛllɛ sen tonɛba.

We weren't like that. So I'm asking you.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

hopt-ɛ

not.be.S2-PA

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S116

H:

yammu ɛmbhɛllɛ khɛni kɛlɔˀri, kɛbaːttum palam.

Now again you do like this, you sing the words,

yammu

again

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɛni

2PL

kɛ-lɔˀr-i

2-say.S2-12PL.SO

kɛ-paːtt-um

2-say.S2-12PL→3SG

palam

song

S117

H:

khɛni kɔ "aˀaˀaˀ nuˀuˀu" kɛlɔˀri.

you all sing like this : a' a' a' nu' u' u

khɛni

2PL

kɔ

TOP

aˀaˀa

a.a.a

nuˀuˀu

nu.u.u

kɛ-lɔˀr-i

2-say.S2-12PL.SO

S118

H:

anigɛ kɔ khɔmdaŋba hoptɛ.

We had nothing like that.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

hopt-ɛ

not.be.S2-PA

S119

H:

sor uːksumbɛ kenba khɔmbhɛ kɔ — "aaii eeee eeeeeeee" lɔt khɔmdaŋba uːŋmunaba sor ni wayɛ.

We just drew out our voices long like this aaaaiiii eeee eeeee — drawing out the voice like that.

sor

voice

uːks-umbɛ

pull.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

ken-pa

long.S1-NOM

khɔmbhɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

aaii

eeee

eeeeeeee

lɔt

only

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

uːŋ-muna-pa

pull.S1-GER-NOM

sor

voice

ni

EMPH

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

S120

N:

khɔmdaŋba.

Like that.

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

S121

H:

khɛni ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ "aˀaˀaˀa ɔˀɔˀɔˀ" kɛlɔˀri.

You all sound like this: aq aq aq oq oq oq.

khɛni

2PL

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

aˀaˀa

a.a.a

ɔˀɔˀɔˀ

o.o.o

kɛ-lɔˀr-i

2-say.S2-12PL.SO

S122

H:

khannɛn cəĩ aŋ yakma yak rətchə mu paːn.

Still the meaning is there, inside.

khan-ɛn

that-DEF

cəĩ-aŋ

TOP-also

yak-ma

be.in.S1-INF

yak

be.in.S1

rətchə

EVID

mu

CTR

paːn

speech

S123

H:

kusiŋ kɛniːttum khɛni. iŋga kɔ kusiŋ mɛniːtnan.

You all understand it, but I don't.

kusiŋ

PV

kɛ-niːtt-um

2-recognize.S2-12PL→3SG

khɛni

2PL

iŋga

1SG

kɔ

TOP

kusiŋ

PV

mɛ-niːt-nan

NEG-recognize.S1-1SG.NEG

S124

N:

khɔnnɛn cəĩ ɛmbhɔ.

It's like this.

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

ɛmbhɔ

thus

S125

N:

alla asenba khɔdakmirɛ kɔ abhe mɛdzɛksu?

How did the old-timers say the words?

alla

now

asen-pa

before-NOM

khɔdakmi-rɛ

elder-ERG

kɔ

TOP

abhe

how

mɛ-cɛks-u

3PL-tell.S2-3SG.O

S126

N:

alla ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ səttejug — səttejug ɛllɛ alla yo pha theaŋ theaŋ lɛksɛ.

Back then in the golden age — now everything has changed.

alla

now

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

səttejug

golden.age

səttejug-ɛllɛ

golden.age-DEF.GEN

alla

now

yo

down

pha

COMP

the-aŋ

what-also

the-aŋ

what-also

lɛks-ɛ

change.S2-PA

S127

N:

alla theaŋ theaŋ lɛŋ khɔn mɛbaːttuba iŋga khɛpsuŋba jəsto ro.

Now everything is different, I've heard them say.

alla

now

the-aŋ

what-also

the-aŋ

what-also

lɛŋ

change.S1

khɔn

that

mɛ-paːtt-u-pa

3PL-say.S2-3SG.O-NOM

iŋga

1SG

khɛps-uŋ-pa

hear.S2-1SG→3SG-NOM

jəsto

as

ro

EXCL

S128

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ iŋga kudzɛk ɛmbha khambekkɛn ni cɛlɛk! lɛksɛba ittuŋŋaŋ

Then I think, really, the earth itself has turned over,

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

iŋga

1SG

kudzɛk

truly

ɛmbha

thus

khambek-ɛn

land-DEF

ni

EMPH

cɛlɛk

ONOM

lɛks-ɛ-pa

turn.over.S2-PA-NOM

itt-uŋ-aŋ

think.S2-1SG→3SG-CJ

S129

N:

ɛmbhɔ aphno bhasa ŋ lɛŋba rətchə ,

and so our language, changes as well.

ɛmbhɔ

thus

aphno

own

bhasa-ŋ

language-also

lɛŋ-pa

change.S1-NOM

rətchə

EVID

S130

N:

theaŋ theaŋ lɛŋ,

Everything changes.

the-aŋ

what-also

the-aŋ

what-also

lɛŋ

change.S1

S131

N:

aphno caŋ, boli n lɛ bhasa yaŋ,

Our clo— our language also,

aphno

own

caŋ

clothing

boli-n

speech-DEF

lɛ

GEN

bhasa-yaŋ

language-also

S132

N:

ɛmdaŋba caŋwaːn lɛŋ — caŋm'ɛnnaŋ jəmmə lɛŋba rətchə .

Clothing changes — the clothing we wear changes.

ɛmdaŋba

like.this

caŋ-waːn

clothing-ornament

lɛŋ

change.S1

caŋ-ma-ɛn-aŋ

clothing-INF-DEF-also

jəmmə

all

lɛŋ-pa

change.S1-NOM

rətchə

EVID

S133

N:

tərə iŋga khɔnnɛn cəĩ alla ɛmbhɔ poŋ pek phɔ iŋga mɛnniɛ wayaŋ.

I hadn't seen that this was happening,

tərə

but

iŋga

1SG

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

alla

now

ɛmbhɔ

thus

poŋ

become.S1

pek

go.S1

phɔ

COMP

iŋga

1SG

mɛn-ni-ɛ

NEG-see.S1-GER

way-aŋ

be.S2-1SG.SO.PA

S134

N:

alla sal — ɛmbhɔ ni — salinda sa ni tɛtpa.

but now year after year it can be seen.

alla

now

ɛmbhɔ

thus

ni

EMPH

salinda-sa

yearly-ADV

ni

see.S1

tɛt-pa

be.possible.S1-NOM

S135

H:

tərə khɔmbha thaŋb'ɛn mɛnchia waˀmuna'llɛ

But when you young men and woman are together,

tərə

but

khɔmbha

thus

thaŋba-ɛn

young-DEF

mɛnchia

woman

waˀ-muna-ɛllɛ

be.S1-GER-SUB

S136

H:

khɛnɛ yaŋ nɛnɛtchi —khɛnɛ nɛtchi kɛlɔːttu kɔrɔ iŋga nɛtchi lɔːttuŋ.

if you take out two rupees each — if you take out two rupees, I take out two rupees.

khɛnɛ

2SG

yaŋ

also

nɛ-nɛtchi

1SG→2SG-two

nɛtchi

two

kɛ-lɔːtt-u

2-take.out.S2-3SG.O

kɔrɔ

if

iŋga

1SG

nɛtchi

two

lɔːtt-uŋ

take.out.S2-1SG→3SG

S137

H:

tho cummɛllɛ nɛtchi lɔːttu, na cummɛllɛ nɛtchi lɔːttu. khɔmbhɔ jəmmə rɛ lɔːtmunaŋ

Our friend up above takes out two rupees, the one over here takes out two rupees. So all pay up.

tho

up

cum-ɛllɛ

friend-DEF.ERG

nɛtchi

two

lɔːtt-u

take.out.S2-3SG.O

na

across

cum-ɛllɛ

friend-DEF.ERG

nɛtchi

two

lɔːtt-u

take.out.S2-3SG.O

khɔmbhɔ

thus

jəmmə-rɛ

all-ERG

lɔːt-muna-ŋ

take.out.S1-GER-also

S138

H:

khɔnnɛn tɔŋmunasiŋŋaŋ mɛːnda thik taːtmunaŋ

When everyone has agreed, we get a goat,

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

tɔŋ-muna-siŋ-aŋ

agree.S1-GER-REFL-also

mɛːnda

goat

thik

one

taːt-muna-ŋ

bring.S1-GER-CJ

S139

H:

khɔmbhɔ phudoŋ pimunasi, thi pimunasiba cələn əghi wayɛ əghi anigɛ.

we give them hospitality, we give them beer — that was our custom, before.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

phudoŋ

hospitality

pi-muna-si

give.S1-GER-PL.O

thi

beer

pi-munasi-pa

give.S1-GER.PL.O-NOM

cələn

custom

əghi

before

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

əghi

before

anigɛ

1PL.EX

S140

H:

thi purumsimbɛ. phudoŋ purumsimbɛ.

We gave them beer, we gave them hospitality.

thi

beer

pur-umsimbɛ

give.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG

phudoŋ

hospitality

pur-umsimbɛ

give.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG

S141

H:

yaˀs'yaˀ wa mɛyuktuaŋ kɔ besar ci mɛdhɛktu.

They would soak some rice and put in a little turmeric.

yaˀs'yaˀ

rice

wa

water.PV

mɛ-yukt-u-aŋ

3PL-soak-3SG.O-CJ

kɔ

TOP

besar-ci

turmeric-a.little

mɛ-thɛkt-u

3PL-put.in.S2-3SG.O

S142

H:

khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ khallɛ khɔllɛ hərandi mɛdhɛktuaŋ kɔ hiːktaŋba mɛdzoguaŋ kɔ

They would put in turmeric and make it yellow

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

kɔ

TOP

khan-lɛ

that.one-ERG

khɔn-lɛ

that.one-ERG

hərandi

turmeric

mɛ-thɛkt-u-aŋ

3PL-put.in.S2-3SG.O-CJ

kɔ

TOP

hiːktaŋba

yellow

mɛ-cog-u-aŋ

3PL-do.S2-3SG.O-CJ

kɔ

TOP

S143

H:

khiu cɛ mɛdhɛktuaŋ kɔ mɛnɔyu. mɛnɔyuaŋ kɔ

and they would put in a bit of ghee and fry it.

khiu

ghee

cɛ

a little

mɛ-thɛkt-u-aŋ

3PL-put.in.S2-3SG.O-CJ

kɔ

TOP

mɛ-nɔy-u

3PL-fry.S2-3SG.O

mɛ-nɔy-u-aŋ

3PL-fry.S2-3SG.O-CJ

kɔ

TOP

S144

H:

khandzi mɛnɛssu mɛburusi. kəhile kɔ —

They would serve up a little of that sometimes.

khan-ci

that.one-a.little

mɛ-nɛss-u

3PL-lay.down.S2-3SG.O

mɛ-pur-usi

3PL-give.S2-3.O.NSG

kəhile

sometimes

kɔ

TOP

S145

H:

kəhile kɔ ku bela kɔ kha — wadhiːnnaŋ mɛburusi.

Sometimes they would give eggs too.

kəhile

sometimes

kɔ

TOP

ku-bela

3SG-time

kɔ

TOP

kha

that

wadhiːn-aŋ

egg-also

mɛ-pur-usi

3PL-give.S2-3.O.NSG

S146

H:

khɔmdaŋba mɛburusiba nisuŋŋaŋ anigɛaŋ purumsimbɛ əghi khɔmbhɔ yaˀ raːktigɛ'llɛ.

I saw them give such things, we too would give them things, before, when we danced.

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

mɛ-pur-usi-pa

3PL-give.S2-3.O.NSG-NOM

nis-uŋ-aŋ

see.S2-1SG→3SG-CJ

anigɛ-aŋ

1PL.EX-also

pur-umsimbɛ

give.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG

əghi

before

khɔmbhɔ

thus

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ-ɛllɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX-SUB

S147

H:

khɔmbhɔ pim'nasi phudoŋ — phudoŋ pim'nasi — khɛni phudoŋ kɛbiasii kɛmbiasinni khɛni cəĩ ?

Such hospitality — do you all give each other hospitality or don't you?

khɔmbhɔ

thus

pi-muna-si

give.S1-GER-PL.O

phudoŋ

hospitality

phudoŋ

hospitality

pi-muna-si

give.S1-GER-PL.O

khɛni

2PL

phudoŋ

hospitality

kɛ-pi-asi-i

2-give.S1-12PL.REFL-Q

kɛn-pi-asin-i

2.NEG-give.S1-12PL.REFL.NEG-Q

khɛni

2PL

cəĩ

TOP

S148

N:

phudoŋ — phudoŋŋɛllɛ cələn əjhəi waˀ khɔnnɛn.

Gifts — the custom of hospitality is still around.

phudoŋ

hospitality

phudoŋ-ɛllɛ

hospitality-DEF.GEN

cələn

custom

əjhəi

still

waˀ

be.S1

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

S149

H:

waˀi?

Is it?

waˀ-i

be.S1-Q

S150

N:

waˀ. theaŋ hoppɛllɛ abhɛllɛ khunchi alla jəstəi tho amuːt mɛːnni?

It is. Why wouldn't it be? Now suppose they invite us up there, OK?

waˀ

be.S1

the-aŋ

what-also

hop-ɛllɛ

not.be.S1-SUB

abhɛllɛ

how

khunchi

3NSG

alla

now

jəsto-əi

as-INTENS

tho

up

am-uːt

3NSG→1IN-call.S1

mɛːn-i

no-Q

S151

N:

alla amuːttaŋ khunchi ni yapmi phudoŋ mɛbɛrɛ phɔgɔrɔ

Now if they invite us and give us hospitality,

alla

now

am-uːt-aŋ

3NSG→1IN-call.S1-CJ

khunchi

3NSG

ni

EMPH

yapmi

1NSG.O

phudoŋ

hospitality

mɛ-pɛr-ɛ

3PL-give.S2-PA

phɔgɔrɔ

if

S152

N:

alla aniaŋ egaŋ uːtmasiaŋ uhi khan purəi pim'nasi poksɛ.

we, too, afterwards, we have to invite them and give them fully the same.

alla

now

ani-aŋ

1PL.IN-also

egaŋ

behind

uːt-ma-si-aŋ

call.S1-INF-NSG.O-CJ

uhi

that.same

khan

that.one

pura-əi

full-INTENS

pi-munasi

give.S1-GER.PL.O

poks-ɛ

must.S2-PA

S153

H:

khɔmbhɔ.

Right.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

S154

N:

— khunchi jəsto mɛdzogu.

It's whatever they do.

khunchi

3NSG

jəsto

as

mɛ-cog-u

3PL-do.S2-3SG.O

S155

N:

khunchi khannɛn ni amɛmbinɛn phɔgɔrɔ,

If they don't give it to us —

khunchi

3NSG

khan-ɛn

that.one-DEF

ni

EMPH

amɛn-pi-nɛn

3NSG→1IN.NEG-give.S1-NEG

phɔgɔrɔ

if

S156

N:

thi rɔt ambɛrɛ camre therɔt ambɛrɛ phɔgɔrɔ aniaŋ uhi .

If they only give us beer, if they only give us rice-cake, we do the same.

thi

beer

rɔt

only

am-pɛr-ɛ

3NSG→1IN-give.S2-PA

camre

rice-cake

the-rɔt

what-only

am-pɛr-ɛ

3NSG→1IN-give.S2-PA

phɔgɔrɔ

if

ani-aŋ

1PL.IN-also

uhi

that.same

S157

N:

uhi khɔnnɛn cələn cokma poksɛ.

That's what we have to do.

uhi

that.same

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

cələn

custom

cok-ma

do.S1-INF

poks-ɛ

must.S2-PA

S158

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛsa. khunchi ambɛrɛ gɔ khunchi ambib'ɛn yaːppa pimasi poŋŋi,

In that case, do we have to give them the same amount as they give us?

khɔmbhɛllɛ-sa

then-ADV

khunchi

3NSG

am-bɛr-ɛ

3NSG→1IN-give.S2-PA

gɔ

TOP

khunchi

3NSG

am-pi-pa-ɛn

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-NOM-DEF

yaːppa

as.much

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

poŋ-i

must.S1-Q

S159

H:

khunchi ambib'ɛnnu lɛ ciyɔnba pimasi poŋŋi,

or do we have to give them a little more?

khunchi

3NSG

am-pi-pa-ɛn-nu

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-NOM-DEF-ABL

lɛ

INST

ci-yɔn-pa

a.little-big.S1-NOM

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

poŋ-i

must.S1-Q

S160

H:

khunchi ambib'ɛnnu lɛ cidzuːkpa pimasi poŋŋi? khɔmbhɔ khan sen tonɛba — khɛnɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ abheba kɛmbiri kɔ phɛaŋ.

or do we have to give them a little less? Nowadays what do you do? — that's what I'm asking.

khunchi

3NSG

am-pi-pa-ɛn-nu

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-NOM-DEF-ABL

lɛ

INST

ci-cuːk-pa

a.little-small.S1-NOM

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

poŋ-i

must.S1-Q

khɔmbhɔ

thus

khan

that.one

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

khɛnɛ

2SG

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

abhe-pa

how-NOM

kɛm-pir-i

3NSG→2-give.S2-12PL.SO

kɔ

TOP

phɛaŋ

COMP

S161

N:

khɔn ɛmbhɛ ni. allo alla car dharni pa ambisi — mɛːnni?

It's like this. Now they give us four dharnis — OK?

khɔn

that

ɛmbhɛ

thus

ni

EMPH

allo

now

alla

now

car

four

dharni-pa

dharni-NOM

am-pi-si

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-DU

mɛːn-i

not-Q

S162

N:

anchi alla — anchi cum aboksɛsi mɛːnni?

Now we — we two are friends, right?

anchi

1DU.IN

alla

now

anchi

1DU.IN

cum

friend

a-poks-ɛsi

1IN-become.S2-PA.DU

mɛːn-i

not-Q

S163

N:

thik mɛnchia lɛ auːttɛsi.

A woman has invited us.

thik

one

mɛnchia

woman

lɛ

ERG

a-uːtt-ɛsi

1IN-call.S2-PA.DU

S164

N:

abesiaŋ kɔ alla tyestəi car dharni pãc dharni pa alla ambɛrɛsi ho ki ?

We go and they give us four or five dharnis, right?

a-pe-si-aŋ

1IN-go.S2-DU-CJ

kɔ

TOP

alla

now

tyesto-əi

like.that-INTENS

car

four

dharni

pãc

five

dharni-pa

dharni-NOM

alla

now

am-pɛr-ɛsi

3NSG→1IN-give.S2-PA.DU

ho

it.is

ki

or

S165

H:

khɔmbhɔ.

Right.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

S166

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ ambɛrɛsillɛ alla khɔn lɔt kɔ nuːkma mɛnuːrɛn.

Now what she gave us, it won't do give only the same amount in return.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

then

am-pɛr-ɛsi-ɛn-lɛ

3NSG→1IN-give.S2-PA.DU-DEF-INST

alla

now

khɔn

that

lɔt

only

kɔ

TOP

nuːk-ma

return.S1-INF

mɛ-nuːr-ɛn

NEG-be.good.S2-PA.NEG

S167

N:

khɔn bhənda dharni nɛtchi bərta pa o — khɔnnu lɛ ciyɔnba.

It has to be two dharnis more — it has to be a little more.

khɔn

that

bhənda

than

dharni

nɛtchi

two

bərta-pa

excess-NOM

o

EXCL

khɔn-nu

that-ABL

lɛ

INST

ci-yɔn-pa

a.little-big.S1-NOM

S168

N:

tərə dharni lisi kɛbɔtpa ambisi kɔrɔ chə dharni pa sat dharni pa səmmə ani kokmaŋ kɔ —

If they give us four dharnis, we have to go up to six or seven dharnis.

tərə

but

dharni

lisi

four

kɛ-pɔt-pa

ACT-be.suspended.S1-NOM

am-pi-si

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-DU

kɔrɔ

if

chə

six

dharni-pa

dharni-NOM

sat

seven

dharni-pa

dharni-NOM

səmmə

up.to

ani

1PL.IN

kok-ma-ŋ

increase.S1-INF-also

kɔ

TOP

S169

H:

thinaŋ cɛːtci yɔnba mɛttɛr'ba.

The beer, too, has to be a bit more.

thi-n-aŋ

beer-DEF-also

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔn-pa

big.S1-NOM

mɛtt-ɛ-r'ba

do.S2-PA-(?)

S170

N:

cɛːtci yɔnba. thinaŋ khɔmbha kokma poksɛ.

A bit more. We have to add in some beer.

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔn-pa

big.S1-NOM

thi-n-aŋ

beer-DEF-also

khɔmbha

thus

kok-ma

increase.S1-INF

poks-ɛ

must.S2-PA

S171

N:

alla phudoŋ ambisib'ɛnnaŋ kokmaŋ kɔ pimasi poŋ.

We have to give more than what they give us.

alla

now

phudoŋ

hospitality

am-pi-si-pa-ɛn-aŋ

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-DU-NOM-DEF-also

kok-ma-ŋ

increase.S1-INF-CJ

kɔ

TOP

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

poŋ

must.S1

S172

H:

khɔmbhɔgɔrɔ khɛni paːnnɛn lɔt ni, khɛni palam paːnnɛn lɔt ni, sor ɛn lɔt ni khɔmbha kɛuːksummɛllɛ ci bhinnəi kɛuːksum lətchə həi ?

In that case, it's only your words — only the words of your songs — only when you draw out your voices that you draw them out a little differently, right?

khɔmbhɔgɔrɔ

thus

khɛni

2PL

paːn-ɛn

speech-DEF

lɔt

only

ni

EMPH

khɛni

2PL

palam

song

paːn-ɛn

speech-DEF

lɔt

only

ni

EMPH

sor-ɛn

voice-DEF

lɔt

only

ni

EMPH

khɔmbha

thus

kɛ-uːks-um-ɛllɛ

2-pull.S2-12PL→3SG-SUB

ci-bhinnəi

a.little-different

kɛ-uːks-um

2-pull.S2-12PL→3SG

rətchə

EVID

həgi

isn't.it

S173

N:

??

S174

H:

tərə əghi anigɛ uːksumbɛ'nnu mɛdɔŋnɛnnɛllɛ sen tonɛba.

It's because it isn't like the way we sang that I asked you.

tərə

but

əghi

before

anigɛ

1PL.EX

uːks-umbɛ-ɛn-nu

pull.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-DEF-SOC

mɛ-tɔŋ-nɛn-ɛllɛ

NEG-agree.S1-NEG-SUB

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

S175

H:

khɔn anigɛaŋ asen anigɛaŋ kɔ koktumbɛaŋ purumsimbɛ — uhi .

For the rest, we, too, gave gifts adding a little — the same way.

khɔn

that

anigɛ-aŋ

1PL.EX-also

asen

before

anigɛ-aŋ

1PL.EX-also

kɔ

TOP

kokt-umbɛ-aŋ

increase.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-CJ

pur-umsimbɛ

give.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG

uhi

that.same

S176

H:

khunchi mɛbirigɛb'ɛnnu lɛ cɛːtci yɔnba kokmaŋ pimasi poŋ.

One has to add a little more to what they've given us.

khunchi

3NSG

mɛ-pir-igɛ-pa-ɛn-nu

3PL-give.S2-1PL.EX-NOM-DEF-ABL

lɛ

INST

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔn-pa

big.S1-NOM

kok-ma-ŋ

increase.S1-INF-CJ

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

poŋ

must.S1

S177

H:

khunchi ambiba rəksi nu lɛ cɛːtci yɔllik cɛːtci yoˀmaŋ, cɛːtci yɔllik cokmaŋ pimasi pimasi poŋ.

One has to add a bit more alcohol to what they've given us, and give it to them.

khunchi

3NSG

am-pi-pa

3NSG→1IN-give.S1-NOM

rəksi-nu

alcohol-ABL

lɛ

INST

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔllik

much

cɛːtci

a.little

yoˀ-ma-ŋ

add.on.S1-INF-CJ

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔllik

much

cok-ma-ŋ

do.S1-INF-CJ

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

pi-ma-si

give.S1-INF-NSG.O

poŋ

must.S1

S178

H:

tərə khunchi rəksi n thuŋma tema poŋ, jəmmə cum tɔŋmunasiŋŋaŋ kɔ ayuŋ — ha'tmu

And we must drink up their alcohol — we all get together and drink.

tərə

but

khunchi

3NSG

rəksi-n

alcohol-DEF

thuŋ-ma

drink.S2-INF

te-ma

dispatch.S1-INF

poŋ

must.S1

jəmmə

all

cum

friend

tɔŋ-muna-siŋ-aŋ

agree.S1-GER-REFL-CJ

kɔ

TOP

a-yuŋ

1IN-stay.S1

ha-ɛtmu

that-in

S179

H:

cumluŋ cokma poksɛ, cumdzum — cumluŋ adzokkaŋ khannɛtmu tɔŋmasiŋŋaŋ thuŋma.

We have to have a discussion among friends, to discuss it and then get together and drink.

cumluŋ

meeting

cok-ma

do.S1-INF

poks-ɛ

become.S2-PA

cum-cum

friend-friend

cumluŋ

meeting

a-cok-aŋ

1IN-do.S1-CJ

khan-ɛtmu

that-LOC

tɔŋ-ma-siŋ-aŋ

agree.S1-INF-REFL-CJ

thuŋ-ma

drink.S2-INF

S180

H:

yammu akkhɛn jəna anda — wayɛ — awaˀ, yaˀ kɛraːkpa, khan jəmmə rɛ yammu

However many we are — dancers — all

yammu

again

akkhɛn-jəna

how.many-human.CLF

anda

before

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

a-waˀ

1IN-be.S1

yaˀ

paddy.PV

kɛ-raːk-pa

ACT-dance.S1-NOM

khan

that.one

jəmmə-rɛ

all-ERG

yammu

again

S181

H:

uhi lɔːtmaŋ kɔ yammu iŋmaŋ khatmu cɛːtci kokmaŋ pimunasiba kɔ.

get out the same amount and buy it and give it to them, adding a little.

uhi

that.same

lɔːt-ma-ŋ

take.out.S1-INF-CJ

kɔ

TOP

yammu

again

iŋ-ma-ŋ

buy.S1-INF-CJ

khatmu

there

cɛːtci

a.little

kok-ma-ŋ

increase.S1-INF-CJ

pi-munasi-pa

give.S1-GER.PL.O-NOM

kɔ

TOP

S182

H:

asennaŋ wayɛ anigɛ yaˀ raːktigɛ'llɛaŋ.

It was like that before too, when we danced.

asen-aŋ

before-also

way-ɛ

be.S2-PA

anigɛ

1PL.EX

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ-ɛllɛ-aŋ

dance.S2-1PL.EX-SUB-CJ

S183

H:

khɔmbhɔ khɔncha khɛnɛ sen tonɛba khɔn tə ho .

That's why I asked about that in particular.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

khɔn-sa

that-ADV

khɛnɛ

2SG

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

khɔn

that

tə

TOP

ho

it.is

S184

H:

khɔn kɔ tɔŋ lətchə .

That is the same, it turns out.

khɔn

that

kɔ

TOP

tɔŋ

agree.S1

rətchə

EVID

S185

H:

tərə khɛni ha sor ɛn lɔt ni mɛdɔŋnɛn, khɛni —

Only your voices aren't the same.

tərə

but

khɛni

2PL

ha

that

sor-ɛn

voice-DEF

lɔt

only

ni

EMPH

mɛ-tɔŋ-nɛn

NEG-agree.S1-NEG

khɛni

2PL

S186

H:

anigɛ kɔ khɔmbhɔ kenba uːksumbɛ.

Back then we drew our voices out long.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

khɔmbhɔ

thus

ken-pa

long.S1-NOM

uːks-umbɛ

pull.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

S187

H:

khɛni ɛmbhɛllɛ kenba kɛnuːksummɛn tərə —

You don't draw them out.

khɛni

2PL

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

ken-pa

long.S1-NOM

kɛn-uːks-ummɛn

2.NEG-pull.S2-12PL→3SG.NEG

tərə

but

S188

N:

ɛmbhɛ poŋ phɔŋai. sor ɛn kɔ — sor ɛn kɔ cɛːtci alla lɛksɛ həgi ?

That's the way it is, uncle. The voices have changed now, right?

ɛmbhɛ

thus

poŋ

must.S1

phɔŋa-i

jun.pat.uncle-VOC

sor-ɛn

voice-DEF

kɔ

TOP

sor-ɛn

voice-DEF

kɔ

TOP

cɛːtci

a.little

alla

now

lɛks-ɛ

change.S2-PA

həgi

isn't.it

S189

N:

tərə palam kɔ uhi lɔtthik.

But the song is the same.

tərə

but

palam

song

kɔ

TOP

uhi

that.same

lɔt-thik

only-one

S190

N:

palam lɔtthik — uhi palammɛnaŋ tɔŋ.

It's one song — the song is the same.

palam

song

lɔt-thik

only-one

uhi

that.same

palam-ɛn-aŋ

song-DEF-also

tɔŋ

agree.S1

S191

N:

tərə hɔnɛ — alla anigɛ khɔmbhɛ sor ɛn lɛksɛ'llɛ khan palam ərko paːtmunaba, palam kɔ lɔtthik.

Our voice has changed — the way of singing it is different — but the song is the same.

tərə

but

hɔnɛ

for.no.reason

alla

now

anigɛ

1PL.EX

khɔmbhɛ

thus

sor-ɛn

voice-DEF

lɛks-ɛ-ɛllɛ

change.S2-PA-SUB

khan

that

palam

song

ərko

other

paːt-muna-pa

speak.S1-GER-NOM

palam

song

kɔ

TOP

lɔt-thik

only-one

S192

N:

tərə əgaɖi b'ɛnnu ɛmbhɛllɛb'ɛn mɛdɔŋnɛn cɛ kɔ.

Today's and the old-time one doesn't quite agree.

tərə

but

əgaɖi-pa-ɛn-nu

before-NOM-DEF-ABL

ɛmbhɛllɛ-pa-ɛn

thus-NOM-DEF

mɛ-tɔŋ-nɛn

NEG-agree.S1-NEG

cɛ

a little

kɔ

TOP

S193

H:

khɔmbhɛa.

Right.

khɔmbhɛ-a

thus-EXPR

S194

N:

mɛdɔŋnɛn khɔmbhɛllɛ.

They don't agree.

mɛ-tɔŋ-nɛn

NEG-agree.S1-NEG

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

S195

N:

ɛmbhɛllɛ hunu kɔ asen phɔŋasi yarik anigɛ cəĩ mɛdɔŋigɛn khas .

Actually, we aren't the same as your generation, uncle.

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

hunu

to.be

kɔ

TOP

asen

before

phɔŋa-si

jun.pat.uncle-PL

yarik

extent

anigɛ

1PL.EX

cəĩ

TOP

mɛ-tɔŋ-igɛn

NEG-agree.S1-1PL.EX.SO.NEG

khas

in.truth

S196

N:

theaŋ mɛdɔŋigɛn həgi — ə̃ə̃ — əgaɖi phɛ khɛni səllah yɔndɛ.

The reason we aren't the same — before, your consensus was more important.

the-aŋ

what-also

mɛ-tɔŋ-igɛn

NEG-agree.S1-1PL.EX.SO.NEG

həgi

isn't.it

ə̃ə̃

umm

əgaɖi

before

phɛ

COMP

khɛni

2PL

səllah

counsel

yɔnd-ɛ

big.S2-PA

S197

N:

anigɛ kɔ allo — alla sat jəna the səllah tɔŋŋasigɛ'llɛ, sat jəna 'tmu — ɛɛ —

We nowadays, if seven of us agree on a plan, out of the seven

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

allo

now

alla

now

sat-jəna

seven-human.CLF

the

what

səllah

counsel

tɔŋ-asigɛ-ɛllɛ

agree.S1-1PL.EX.REFL-SUB

sat-jəna-ɛtmu

seven-human.CLF-LOC

ɛɛ

uh

S198

N:

sumsi, lisi, ŋasi, khɔmbhɔ rɔt anigɛ səllah akkho tɔŋ.

three, four, five — later only that many of us will still agree —

sumsi

three

lisi

four

ŋasi

five

khɔmbhɔ

thus

rɔt

only

anigɛ

1PL.EX

səllah

counsel

akkho

later

tɔŋ

agree.S1

S199

N:

"khatmu iŋga mɛlɔːtnan ho !

"I'm not paying for that, hey!

kha-ɛtmu

that-LOC

iŋga

1SG

mɛ-lɔːt-nan

NEG-take.out.S1-1SG.NEG

ho

EXCL

S200

N:

iŋga kudzɛkpa ɛmbhɔ rɔt caŋba ho !"

I only ate this much, really!"

iŋga

1SG

kudzɛk-pa

truly-NOM

ɛmbhɔ

thus

rɔt

only

ca-ŋ-pa

eat.S2-1SG-NOM

ho

EXCL

S201

N:

thiklɛ allo amɛt ho .

one of them will tell us.

thik-lɛ

one-ERG

allo

now

a-mɛt

1IN-say.S1

ho

EXCL

S202

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ o — ɛmbhɛllɛ anigɛ sərsəllah mɛdɔŋigɛn hindza phɛkkɛtmu.

So nowadays we don't get solidarity, among the group of young men.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

o

EXCL

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

anigɛ

1PL.EX

sərsəllah

counsel

mɛ-tɔŋ-igɛn

NEG-agree.S2-1PL.EX.SO.NEG

hindza

youngster

phɛk-ɛtmu

group-LOC

S203

H:

asen anigɛ kɔ celi sɔmmarɛ kudɔŋba lɔːttumbɛ.

Before, we paid equally, clan-brothers and clan-sisters. [Clan-siblings can not dance together, but they used to go together to meet boys and girls of another clan.]

asen

before

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

celi-sɔmma-rɛ

female-male-ERG

ku-tɔŋ-pa

3SG-agree.S1-NOM

lɔːtt-umbɛ

take.out.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

S204

H:

sɔmmab'ɛllɛ lɔːtma bərabər celi 'llɛaŋ lɔːtmunaba.

The sisters would pay however much the brothers paid.

sɔmma-pa-ɛllɛ

male-NOM-DEF.ERG

lɔːt-ma

take.out.S1-INF

bərabər

equal

celi-ɛllɛ-aŋ

female-DEF.ERG-also

lɔːt-muna-pa

take.out.S1-GER-NOM

S205

H:

bərabər lɔːttumbɛaŋ kudɔŋba lɔːttumbɛaŋ purumsimbɛ.

We all took out the same amount and gave it to them.

bərabər

equal

lɔːtt-umbɛ-aŋ

take.out.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-CJ

ku-tɔŋ-pa

3SG-agree.S1-NOM

lɔːtt-umbɛ-aŋ

take.out.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-CJ

pur-umsimbɛ

give.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG

S206

H:

khunchiaŋ celi sɔmma mɛbhɛrɛ. anigɛaŋ celi sɔmma pegigɛ.

They [the other clan] came, both brothers and sisters. We went, brothers and sisters together.

khunchi-aŋ

3NSG-also

celi-sɔmma

female-male

mɛ-phɛr-ɛ

3PL-come.S2-PA

anigɛ-aŋ

1PL.EX-also

celi-sɔmma

female-male

peg-igɛ

go.S2-1PL.EX

S207

H:

khɛnɛ kɛbaːttub'ɛn kusik təmər khola kɛyuŋba, saˀudɛn kɛyuŋbanu khɔmbhɛ yaˀ raːktigɛ wayigɛ.

Just as you said, back then we would dance with people from the Tamur Khola, from Sauden.

khɛnɛ

2SG

kɛ-paːtt-u-pa-ɛn

2-say.S2-3SG.O-NOM-DEF

kusik

like

təmər

Tamar

khola

River

kɛ-yuŋ-pa

ACT-stay.S1-NOM

saˀudɛn

Sauden

kɛ-yuŋ-pa-nu

ACT-stay.S1-NOM-SOC

khɔmbhɛ

thus

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX

way-igɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX

S208

H:

liŋdhɛp kɛyuŋmanuaŋ yaˀ raːktigɛ. khɔmbhɛ wayigɛ.

We danced with people from Lingthep.

liŋdhɛp

Lingthep

kɛ-yuŋ-ma-nu-aŋ

ACT-stay.S1-NOM.F-SOC-also

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːkt-igɛ

dance.S2-1PL.EX

khɔmbhɛ

thus

way-igɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX

S209

H:

khɔmbhɔ phudoŋ piasigɛ'llɛ kudɔŋba lɔːttumbɛ anigɛ.

When we gave each other gifts, we all paid equally.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

phudoŋ

hospitality

pi-asigɛ-ɛllɛ

give.S1-1PL.EX.REFL-SUB

ku-tɔŋ-pa

3SG-agree.S1-NOM

lɔːtt-umbɛ

take.out.S2-1PL.EX→3SG

anigɛ

1PL.EX

S210

H:

khɛniaŋ kudɔŋba kɛlɔːttummiya lɔːtmuna kɔ.

You all pay equally too, I suppose, as far as paying goes.

khɛni-aŋ

2PL-also

ku-tɔŋ-pa

3SG-agree.S1-NOM

kɛ-lɔːtt-um-iya

2-take.out.S2-12PL→3SG-HYP

lɔːt-muna

take.out.S1-GER

kɔ

TOP

S211

H:

tərə kohi kɔ mɛllɔːtmuna mɛwaˀ, kohi kɔ kɛlɔːtpa mɛwaˀ kohi rɛ.

But there are always some who pay, and some who don't.

tərə

but

kohi

someone

kɔ

TOP

mɛn-lɔːt-muna

NEG-take.out.S1-GER

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

kohi

someone

kɔ

TOP

kɛ-lɔːt-pa

ACT-take.out.S1-NOM

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

kohi-rɛ

someone-ERG

S212

H:

kohi rɛ thi rɔt kɛdhuŋba yaˀ raːk, mɛndzo kɛlaːkpa. khunɛ kɔ —

Some mainly drink beer, and as for dancing, they're mediocre dancers.

kohi-rɛ

someone-ERG

thi

beer

rɔt

only

kɛ-thuŋ-pa

ACT-drink.S1-NOM

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk

dance.S1

mɛndzo

mediocre

kɛ-laːk-pa

ACT-dance.S1-NOM

khunɛ

3SG

kɔ

TOP

S213

H:

khɔmbha pəisa mɛllɔːtmunaŋ mɛwaˀ.

And there are some who don't take out their money.

khɔmbha

thus

pəisa

money

mɛn-lɔːt-muna-ŋ

NEG-take.out.S1-GER-also

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

S214

H:

kohi khɔmbha kɛlɔːtpa awaˀ mɔna.

Some of us pay.

kohi

someone

khɔmbha

thus

kɛ-lɔːt-pa

ACT-take.out.S1-NOM

a-waˀ

1IN-be.S1

mɔna

man

S215

H:

mɔna'llɛ mɔna andɔŋnɛnchaba — khɔmbhɔ.

We people aren't the same.

mɔna-ɛllɛ

man-GEN

mɔna

man

an-tɔŋ-nɛn-sa-pa

1IN.NEG-agree.S1-NEG-ADV-NOM

khɔmbhɔ

thus

S216

N:

andɔŋnɛn.

We're not the same.

an-tɔŋ-nɛn

1IN.NEG-agree.S1-NEG

S217

H:

khɔmdaŋba mɛwaˀ. khɔn kudopma kɛbaːttu a.

They're like that. You're telling it straight.

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

khɔn

that

kudopma

straight

kɛ-paːtt-u

2-say.S2-3SG.O

a

EXPR

S218

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ tɔŋ tərə anigɛ kɔ — ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ — khɔmdaŋba alla cələn poksɛ pe mɛtma o.

That fits. But our custom — nowadays — its become like that, let's say.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

tɔŋ

agree.S1

tərə

but

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

alla

now

cələn

custom

poks-ɛ

become.S2-PA

pe

go.S2

mɛt-ma

say.S1-INF

o

EXCL

S219

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ jəti b'ɛn cəĩ alla asen phɔŋasirɛ ɛmbha na, tho mɛnchiarɛ kɛmuːtti'llɛ

Back then, in your generation, uncle, if women invited you up somewhere, over somewhere,

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

jəti-pa-ɛn

as.much-NOM-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

alla

now

asen

before

phɔŋa-si-rɛ

jun.pat.uncle-PL-ERG

ɛmbha

thus

na

across

tho

up

mɛnchia-rɛ

woman-ERG

kɛm-uːtt-i-ɛllɛ

3NSG→2-call.S2-12PL.SO-SUB

S220

N:

celi nu sɔmmanu kɛbegi mɛːnni?

you went together, clan-brothers and sisters, no?

celi-nu

female-SOC

sɔmma-nu

male-SOC

kɛ-peg-i

2-go.S2-12PL.SO

mɛːn-i

not-Q

S221

H:

khɔmbhɔ.

Yes.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

S222

N:

kɛbegi'llɛ gəjəb lɛ səllah kɛdɔŋiaŋ kɛbegi.

When you went, you really agreed together and you went.

kɛ-peg-i-ɛllɛ

2-go.S2-12PL.SO-SUB

gəjəb-lɛ

wonderful-INST

səllah

counsel

kɛ-tɔŋ-i-aŋ

2-agree.S2-12PL.SO-CJ

kɛ-peg-i

2-go.S2-12PL.SO

S223

N:

ɛmbhɛllɛ gɔ abhedaŋba waˀ phɛllɛ — ə̃ə̃ —

Now, how it is,

ɛmbhɛllɛ

like.this

kɔ

TOP

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

waˀ

be.S1

phɛllɛ

COMP

ə̃ə̃

umm

S224

N:

anigɛ — igɔrɔ anigɛ sɔmmaba ek lɔt pegigɛ, celi mɛdeˀrumsimbɛn.

we — either we clan-brothers go by ourselves, we don't take the girls,

anigɛ

1PL.EX

igɔrɔ

either

anigɛ

1PL.EX

sɔmma-pa

male-NOM

ek

alone

lɔt

only

peg-igɛ

go.S2-1PL.EX

celi

female

mɛ-teˀr-umsimbɛn

NEG-take.S2-1PL.EX→3NSG.NEG

S225

N:

celi rɛaŋ na, tho khunchi thaŋb'ɛn lɛ mɛuːttusi phɔgɔrɔ

and the clan-sisters, if some young men invite them up, over somewhere,

celi-rɛ-aŋ

female-ERG-also

na

across

tho

up

khunchi

3NSG

thaŋba-ɛn

young.man-DEF

lɛ

ERG

mɛ-uːtt-usi

3PL-call.S2-3.O.NSG

phɔgɔrɔ

if

S226

N:

uhi khunchi ek mɛbek.

it's the same — they go by themselves.

uhi

that.same

khunchi

3NSG

ek

alone

mɛ-pek

3PL-go.S1

S227

N:

sɔmmaba khunchi caha mɛdzoknɛn.

They don't want their clan-brothers.

sɔmma-pa

male-NOM

khunchi

3NSG

caha

need.PV

mɛ-cok-nɛn

NEG-do.S1-NEG

S228

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔmdaŋba cələn poksɛaŋ waˀ ɛmbhɛllɛ.

That's become the custom nowadays.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

cələn

custom

poks-ɛ-aŋ

become.S2-PA-CJ

waˀ

be.S1

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

S229

N:

əgaɖi khɛni kɔ celi sɔmmanu laŋ mɛŋghekkɛ khɛni kɛmbeginba.

Before, unless the brothers and sisters went together, you didn't go.

əgaɖi

before

khɛni

2PL

kɔ

TOP

celi

female

sɔmma-nu

male-SOC

laŋ

PV

mɛn-khek-ɛ

NEG-walk.S1-GER

khɛni

2PL

kɛn-peg-in-pa

2.NEG-go.S2-12PL.SO.NEG-NOM

S230

N:

tərə anigɛ kɔ ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ celi sɔmmanu sorik laŋ khekma hop — khɔnnɛn cəĩ .

But now, with us, there's no question of brothers and sisters going together, as far as that's concerned.

tərə

but

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

celi

female

sɔmma-nu

male-SOC

sorik

together

laŋ

PV

khek-ma

walk.S1-INF

hop

not.be.S1

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

S231

H:

tərə khɛni khɔmbhɔ yaˀ raːksɛ kɛbegiaŋ kɛdɛi'llɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ kɛipsi.

But you all, when you've gone dancing and you come back, nowadays you go to bed.

tərə

but

khɛni

2PL

khɔmbhɔ

thus

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

kɛ-peg-i-aŋ

2-go.S2-12PL.SO-CJ

kɛ-t'yɛ-i-ɛllɛ

2-come.S2-12PL.SO-SUB

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɛ-ips-i

2-sleep.S2-12PL.SO

S232

H:

pa, marɛ mɛnisurɔ yaˀ raːksɛ kɛbegiaŋ yammu kɛdɛi.

With the knowledge of your parents, you go dancing and then you come back.

pa

father

ma-rɛ

mother-ERG

mɛ-nis-u-rɔ

3PL-see.S2-3SG.O-PROG

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

kɛ-peg-i-aŋ

2-go.S2-12PL.SO-CJ

yammu

again

kɛ-t'yɛ-i

2-come.S2-12PL.SO

S233

H:

khɔmbhɔ kɛipsi. puŋŋaŋ kɛmbegin. kɛngisin a khɛni ɛmbhɛllɛ.

And then you go to bed. You don't go to the work-party. You're not afraid, nowadays.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

kɛ-ips-i

2-sleep.S2-12PL.SO

puŋ-aŋ

work-party-also

kɛn-peg-in

2.NEG-go.S2-12PL.SO.NEG

kɛn-kis-in

2.NEG-fear.S2-12PL.SO.NEG

a

EXPR

khɛni

2PL

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

S234

H:

anigɛ khɔmbha asen kɔ abhe lɔˀrigɛ phɛllɛ —

We, before, how we were —

anigɛ

1PL.EX

khɔmbha

thus

asen

before

kɔ

TOP

abhe

how

lɔˀr-igɛ

say.S2-1PL.EX

phɛllɛ

COMP

S235

H:

alla himmu panu marɛ mɛnnisumba anigɛ yaˀ raːksɛ pekm'ɛllɛ.

Without our parents knowing, when we went dancing,

alla

now

him-mu

house-CTR

pa-nu

father-SOC

ma-rɛ

mother-ERG

mɛn-nis-un-pa

3PL.SA.NEG-see.S2-3SG.O.NEG-NOM

anigɛ

1PL.EX

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

pek-ma-ɛllɛ

go.S1-INF-SUB

S236

H:

celi sɔmma anda tɔŋmasiŋ poŋ, cumdzum tɔŋmasiŋ poŋ, khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ pegigɛ.

the boys and girls had to agree, all the friends had to agree, and then we went.

celi

female

sɔmma

male

anda

before

tɔŋ-ma-siŋ

agree.S1-INF-REFL

poŋ

must.S1

cum-cum

friend-friend

tɔŋ-ma-siŋ

agree.S1-INF-REFL

poŋ

must.S1

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-also

kɔ

TOP

peg-igɛ

go.S2-1PL.EX

S237

H:

tərə akkho tɛigɛ'llɛ bela pa maŋ mɛimmaŋ mɛnɛ.

Later, when we came back, our parents were already sleeping.

tərə

but

akkho

later

t'yɛ-igɛ-ɛllɛ

come.S2-1PL.EX-SUB

bela

time

pa

father

ma-ŋ

mother-also

mɛ-im-aŋ

3PL-sleep.S1-CJ

mɛ-nɛ

3PL-lie.S1

S238

H:

anigɛ mikkaŋ mɛyunɛnba.

We didn't fall asleep.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

mik-aŋ

eye-also

mɛ-yu-nɛn-pa

NEG-feel.S1-NEG-NOM

S239

H:

lɛplɔrik tɔːk mɛbirigɛaŋ kɔ kaːŋ yaŋŋasigɛ.

Directly they gave us food, we took up our hoes.

lɛp-lɔrik

ONOM-ADV

tɔːk

meal

mɛ-pir-igɛ-aŋ

3PL-give.S2-1PL.EX-CJ

kɔ

TOP

kaːŋ

hoe

yaŋ-asigɛ

wield.S1-1PL.EX.REFL

S240

H:

khɔmbhɛaŋ kɔ puŋ thasigɛ. pegigɛ.

Then we set out for the work-party. We went.

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

then-CJ

kɔ

TOP

puŋ

work-party

thas-igɛ

attend.S2-1PL.EX

peg-igɛ

go.S2-1PL.EX

S241

H:

khɔmbhɛaŋ khatmu immaŋ nɛm'ɛllɛ, alla celi sɔmma —

Then over there, if we slept, the clan-brothers and sisters —

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

khatmu

there

im-aŋ

sleep.S1-CJ

nɛ-ma-ɛllɛ

lie.S1-INF-SUB

alla

now

celi

female

sɔmma

male

S242

H:

alla celi immaŋ nɛ'llɛ sɔmma phɛllɛ yaˀ ɔːguba.

Now if the sisters were asleep, it was the brothers who would hoe,

alla

now

celi

female

im-aŋ

sleep.S1-CJ

nɛ-ɛllɛ

lie.S1-SUB

sɔmma

male

phɛllɛ

COMP

yaˀ

paddy

ɔːg-u-pa

cultivate.S2-3SG.O-NOM

S243

H:

yammu akkho yammu — yammu celi n pokkaŋ khunɛ ɔːgu'llɛ sɔmma ɔːkmunaba, palo palo ɔːkmunaba.

and again later, when the sisters got up and hoed, they would hoe by turns.

yammu

again

akkho

later

yammu

again

yammu

again

celi-n

female-DEF

pok-aŋ

get.up.S1-CJ

khunɛ

3SG

ɔːg-u-ɛllɛ

cultivate.S2-3SG.O-SUB

sɔmma

male

ɔːk-muna-pa

cultivate.S1-GER-NOM

palo

turn

palo

turn

ɔːk-muna-pa

cultivate.S1-GER-NOM

S244

H:

khɔmbhɛaŋ himmu mu pa marɛaŋ napmi mɛndɔrɛn, kusiŋ mɛnniːttun.

So at home our parents didn't scold us, they didn't even know.

khɔmbhɛ-aŋ

thus-CJ

him-mu

house-CTR

mu

CTR

pa

father

ma-rɛ-aŋ

mother-ERG-also

napmi

1NSG.O

mɛn-tɔr-ɛn

3PL.SA.NEG-abuse.S2-PA.NEG

kusiŋ

PV

mɛn-niːtt-un

3PL.SA.NEG-recognize.S2-3SG.O.NEG

S245

H:

ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ khɛni kɔ kɛipsi, kɛdɛiaŋ kɔ.

Nowadays you just sleep, when you come back.

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

khɛni

2PL

kɔ

TOP

kɛ-ips-i

2-sleep.S2-12PL.SO

kɛ-t'yɛ-i-aŋ

2-come.S2-12PL.SO-CJ

kɔ

TOP

S246

H:

khɔmdaŋba iŋga nisuŋ.

That's how I see it.

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

iŋga

1SG

nis-uŋ

see.S2-1SG→3SG

S247

H:

khɔmbhɔ ɛtmu paŋbhe'tmu khɔmdaŋba kɛwayi ro! ɛmbhɛllɛ.

That's the way you are here in the village, nowadays!

khɔmbhɔ

thus

ɛtmu

here.LOC

paŋbhe-ɛtmu

village-LOC

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

kɛ-way-i

2-be.S2-12PL.SO

ro

EXCL

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

S248

N:

wayigɛ tərə khannɛn — ə̃ə̃ —

We are, but

way-igɛ

be.S2-1PL.EX

tərə

but

khan-ɛn

that.one-DEF

ə̃ə̃

umm

S249

N:

khɔmlɔrik uhile kɔ phɔŋasi kɔ khɔmlɔrik kɛbegi — yaˀ raːksɛ kɛbegi kɛdɛiaŋ kɔ

before, uncle, when you went dancing and came back,

khɔm-lɔrik

thus-ADV

uhile

before

kɔ

TOP

phɔŋa-si

jun.pat.uncle-PL

kɔ

TOP

khɔm-lɔrik

thus-ADV

kɛ-peg-i

2-go.S2-12PL.SO

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

kɛ-peg-i

2-go.S2-12PL.SO

kɛ-t'yɛ-i-aŋ

2-arrive.S2-12PL.SO-CJ

kɔ

TOP

S250

N:

ɛmbha lɛplɔrik kam ɛtmu kɛdhasi.

you set out directly to work.

ɛmbha

thus

lɛp-lɔrik

ONOM-ADV

kam-ɛtmu

work-LOC

kɛ-thas-i

2-attend.S2-12PL.SO

S251

N:

tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ anigɛ kɔ khɔn ambhɔŋasirɛ kusiktaŋba asen khɔmdaŋba cələn hop.

But nowadays, we don't have a custom like your generation's, uncle.

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kɔ

TOP

khɔn

that

a-phɔŋa-si-rɛ

1SG-jun.pat.uncle-PL-ERG

kusiktaŋba

like.ADJ.NOM

asen

before

khɔmdaŋba

that.ADJ

cələn

custom

hop

not.be.S1

S252

N:

ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ thikthik — tərə ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ thikthik lɔt mɛwaˀ, khɔmdaŋba. thikthik lɔt mɛwaˀ.

Now there are one or two like that. There are only one or two.

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

thik-thik

one-one

tərə

but

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

thik-thik

one-one

lɔt

only

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

thik-thik

one-one

lɔt

only

mɛ-waˀ

3PL-be.S1

S253

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ kɔ lɛplɔrik yaˀ raːksɛ pekmaŋ tamaŋ kɔ kɛimb'ɛn ɛmbha mɛimmaŋ mɛnɛ.

When they go dancing and come back, the sleepers stay sleeping.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kɔ

TOP

lɛp-lɔrik

ONOM-ADV

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

pek-ma-ŋ

go.S1-INF-CJ

ta-ma-ŋ

arrive.S1-INF-CJ

kɔ

TOP

kɛ-im-pa-ɛn

2-sleep.S1-NOM-DEF

ɛmbha

thus

mɛ-im-aŋ

3PL-sleep.S1-CJ

mɛ-nɛ

3PL-lie.S1

S254

N:

ə̃ — kam coksɛ kɛbekp'ɛn, cɛːtcik khunchi pa ma kɛgitp'ɛn cəĩ nə .

The ones who go to work, it's the ones who are a little afraid of their parents.

ə̃

umm

kam

work

cok-sɛ

do.S1-PURP

kɛ-pek-pa-ɛn

2-go.S1-NOM-DEF

cɛːtcik

a.little

khunchi

3NSG

pa

father

ma

mother

kɛ-kit-pa-ɛn

ACT-fear.S1-NOM-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

nə

indeed

S255

N:

alla — allo — alla ambhɔŋarɛ kɛsa cəndre aŋ kɔ alla jəstəi bəjar yaˀ raːksɛ pek mɛːnni?

Now uncle, suppose your son Chandre goes to the fair to dance, OK?

alla

now

allo

now

alla

now

a-phɔŋa-rɛ

1SG-jun.pat.uncle-GEN

kɛ-sa

2-son

cəndre-aŋ

Chandra-also

kɔ

TOP

alla

now

jəsto-əi

as-INTENS

bəjar

bazaar

yaˀ

paddy.PV

raːk-sɛ

dance.S1-PURP

pek

go.S1

mɛːn-i

not-Q

S256

H:

ə̃ .

Hmm.

ə̃

umm

S257

N:

pekkɛllɛ — xxx ho — ain kɔ iŋga ɛmdaŋba iskul ɛtmu kam aŋ kɔttuŋ.

When he goes — "Oh, I have some work to do at school today."

pek-ɛllɛ

go.S1-SUB

xxx

ho

EXCL

ain

today

kɔ

TOP

iŋga

1SG

ɛmdaŋba

like.this

iskul-ɛtmu

school-LOC

kam-aŋ

work-also

kɔtt-uŋ

possess.S2-1SG→3SG

S258

N:

ain kɔ ɛmdaŋba — ə̃ə̃ — yaˀ ɔːkma the yaːllek phɔnmasi theaŋ kɔttuŋsiŋ".

"Today I have to supervise some laborers hoeing."

ain

today

kɔ

TOP

ɛmdaŋba

like.this

ə̃ə̃

umm

yaˀ

paddy

ɔːk-ma

cultivate.S1-INF

the

what

yaːllek

laborer

phɔn-ma-si

hire.S1-INF-NSG.O

the-aŋ

what-also

kɔtt-uŋsiŋ

possess.S2-1SG→3NSG

S259

N:

tərə khɔnnɛn cəĩ "alla immaŋ nɛma phɛllɛ amba kɛdziːtpa, allo adɔn ahip asɛttiya"

[He thinks:] "If I sleep in, my father is strict, he'll abuse me, he'll hit me, he'll kill me,"

tərə

but

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

alla

now

im-ma-ŋ

sleep.S1-INF-CJ

nɛ-ma

lie.S1-INF

phɛllɛ

COMP

a-pa

1SG-father

kɛ-ciːt-pa

ACT-be.angry.S1-NOM

allo

now

a-tɔn

1IN-abuse.S1

a-hip

1IN-strike.S1

a-sɛt-iya

1IN-kill.S1-HYP

S260

N:

lɔˀaŋ kɔ khunɛ kɔ hoitlɔrik pek.

he thinks, and he goes off immediately.

lɔˀ-aŋ

say.S1-CJ

kɔ

TOP

khunɛ

3SG

kɔ

TOP

hoit-lɔrik

ONOM.immediately-ADV

pek

go.S1

S261

N:

tərə khɔnnɛn uhi ho , alla ani pa ma lɛ cɛːtcik yɔŋma sɛtmasi ci pa ma kɛdziːtp'ɛllɛ ni — mɛmma poŋ.

But its the same — It's like that if the parents are a little strict, if they inspire fear.

tərə

but

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

uhi

that.same

ho

EXCL

alla

now

ani

1PL.IN

pa

father

ma

mother

lɛ

ERG

cɛːtcik

a.little

yɔŋ-ma

frighten-INF

sɛt-ma-si

kill.S1-INF-NSG.O

ci

a.little

pa

father

ma

mother

kɛ-ciːt-pa-ɛllɛ

ACT-be.angry.S1-NOM-SUB

ni

EMPH

mɛmma

?same

poŋ

must.S1

S262

N:

khɔmbhɔ sarɛaŋ amgit — amgitpa ɛmbha.

Then the children fear us, they fear us like that.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

sa-rɛ-aŋ

son-ERG-CJ

am-kit

3NSG→1IN-fear.S1

am-kit-pa

3NSG→1IN-fear.S1-NOM

ɛmbha

thus

S263

H:

khɔmbhɛa amgittaŋ, kam ɛnnaŋ mɛdzoguaŋ,

They fear us, and they work.

khɔmbhɛ-a

thus-EXPR

am-kit-aŋ

3NSG→1IN-fear.S1-CJ

kam-ɛn-aŋ

work-DEF-also

mɛ-cog-u-aŋ

3PL-do.S2-3SG.O-CJ

S264

H:

tərə anigɛ khɔmbha hal toksigɛ'llɛ,

But when we plowed,

tərə

but

anigɛ

1PL.EX

khɔmbha

thus

hal

plow

toks-igɛ-ɛllɛ

plow.S2-1PL.EX-SUB

S265

H:

anigɛ hal toksumbɛb'ɛn yarik khɛni niyaːn rɔt kɛdoksum.

The amount that we plowed, you all can only plow in two days.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

hal

plow

toks-umbɛ-pa-ɛn

plow.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-NOM-DEF

yarik

extent

khɛni

2PL

niyaːn

two.days

rɔt

only

kɛ-toks-um

2-plow.S2-12PL→3SG

S266

H:

anigɛ thikyaːn lɛ toksumbɛb'ɛn khɛni niyaːn lɛ kɛdoksum.

The amount we plowed in one day, you plow in two days.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

thikyaːn

one.day

lɛ

INST

toks-umbɛ-pa-ɛn

plow.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-NOM-DEF

khɛni

2PL

niyaːn

two.days

lɛ

INST

kɛ-toks-um

2-plow.S2-12PL→3SG

S267

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ pa ɛmbhɛllɛba khɛni pa the'tmu khɔmbhɔ khɛni mɛyaːknɛnbai khɛni sɔkma.

Your father's — as much as was your father had in him — uh — you don't have the stamina.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

pa

NOM

ɛmbhɛllɛ-pa

thus-NOM

khɛni

2PL

pa

NOM

the-ɛtmu

what-LOC

khɔmbhɔ

thus

khɛni

2PL

mɛ-yaːk-nɛn-pa-i

NEG-stay.S1-NEG-NOM-Q

khɛni

2PL

sɔkma

breath

S268

H:

mɛŋgɔrɔ kudɔŋba toŋma kɛboŋba, asenba yarik.

Otherwise you should be able to plow as much as the old-timers.

mɛːn

not

kɔrɔ

if

ku-tɔŋ-pa

3SG-agree.S1-NOM

toŋ-ma

plow.S1-INF

kɛ-poŋ-pa

ACT-must.S1-NOM

asen-pa

before-NOM

yarik

extent

S269

H:

yammu mɛbaːttu'llɛ asen ambasirɛ mɛdoksuba yarik iŋga "khɛnɛ kɛndoksun" tərə ammarɛaŋ khɔmbhɔ mɛttaŋ.

They used to say, compared to the amount my father's generation plowed, "You don't plow as much." My mother used to tell me that.

yammu

again

mɛ-paːtt-u-ɛllɛ

3PL-say.S2-3SG.O-SUB

asen

before

a-pa-si-rɛ

1SG-father-PL-ERG

mɛ-toks-u-pa

3PL-plow.S2-3SG.O-NOM

yarik

extent

iŋga

1SG

khɛnɛ

2SG

kɛn-toks-un

2.NEG-plow.S2-3SG.O.NEG

tərə

but

a-ma-rɛ-aŋ

1SG-mother-ERG-also

khɔmbhɔ

thus

mɛtt-aŋ

do.S2-1SG.SO.PA

S270

H:

"kɛmbarɛ toksuba yarik khɛnɛ hal kɛndoksun" mɛttaŋ.

"You don't plow as much as your father used to plow," she told me.

kɛ-pa-rɛ

2-father-ERG

toks-u-pa

plow.S2-3SG.O-NOM

yarik

extent

khɛnɛ

2SG

hal

plow

kɛn-toks-un

2.NEG-plow.S2-3SG.O.NEG

mɛtt-aŋ

do.S2-1SG.SO.PA

S271

H:

khɔmbhɛlɔrik cɛksu.

That's what they said.

khɔmbhɛ-lɔrik

thus-ADV

cɛks-u

tell.S2-3SG.O

S272

H:

luŋdzɔŋ ciluŋ mɛsɛttuba, khunchi siŋ mɛbɔksuba mɛdzɛksu'llɛ iŋgaŋ mɛnchukpa.

And when they said how much stone wall they laid, or how much wood they carried, I was unable to do it.

luŋdzɔŋ

stone

ci-luŋ

a.little-stone

mɛ-sɛtt-u-pa

3PL-lay.S2-3SG.O-NOM

khunchi

3NSG

siŋ

wood

mɛ-pɔks-u-pa

3PL-lift.S2-3SG.O-NOM

mɛ-cɛks-u-ɛllɛ

3PL-tell.S2-3SG.O-SUB

iŋga-ŋ

1SG-CJ

mɛn-suk-pa

NEG-be.able.S1-NOM

S273

H:

ambarɛ pɔksuba yarik ambarɛ luŋ lɛksuaŋ nɛssuba yarik iŋga nɛma mɛnchukpa.

The amount my father carried, the amount of rock my father turned over and laid down, I couldn't do it.

a-pa-rɛ

1SG-father-ERG

pɔks-u-pa

lift.S2-3SG.O-NOM

yarik

extent

a-pa-rɛ

1SG-father-ERG

luŋ

stone

lɛks-u-aŋ

turn.over.S2-3SG.O-CJ

nɛss-u-pa

lay.down.S2-3SG.O-NOM

yarik

extent

iŋga

1SG

nɛ-ma

lay.down.S1-INF

mɛn-suk-pa

NEG-be.able.S1-NOM

S274

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ asenba mɔna cigɛdhumbaasi.

The old-timers back then were stronger.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

asen-pa

before-NOM

mɔna

man

ci-kɛ-thum-pa-asi

a.little-ACT-be.strong.S1-NOM-3PL.COP

S275

N:

kɛdhumbasi tərə khɔn kɔ ɛmbhɔ poŋ phɔŋai …

They were strong. But it is like this, uncle.

kɛ-thum-pa-asi

ACT-be.strong.S1-NOM-3PL.COP

tərə

but

khɔn

that

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɔ

thus

poŋ

become.S1

phɔŋa-i

jun.pat.uncle-VOC

S276

H:

tərə asenba mɔnahaˀ bhənda lɛ khɔmbhɛ kɛdhumba mɛwayɛ, waˀma kɔ. ɛmbhɛllɛ yammu ɛmbhɛllɛ waˀma kɔ awaˀ.

And compared to the old-timers — they were strong, as far as that goes — but now also there are some of us who are strong.

tərə

but

asen-pa

before-NOM

mɔna-haˀ

man-PL

bhənda-lɛ

than-GEN

khɔmbhɛ

thus

kɛ-thum-pa

ACT-be.strong.S1-NOM

mɛ-way-ɛ

3PL-be.S2-PA

waˀ-ma

be.S1-INF

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

yammu

again

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

waˀ-ma

be.S1-INF

kɔ

TOP

a-waˀ

1IN-be.S1

S277

H:

tərə jun jəti kam cokma jəti adhum lətchə .

The more work we do, the stronger we are, it turns out.

tərə

but

jun

whichever.one

jəti

as.much

kam

work

cok-ma

do.S1-INF

jəti

as.much

a-thum

1IN-be.strong.S1

rətchə

EVID

S278

H:

kam mɛndzokma ɛmbha mɛndzo ɛmbha waˀma phɔgɔrɔ khɔmbhɔ andhumnɛn.

If we just hang around, not doing any work, then we are not strong.

kam

work

mɛn-cok-ma

NEG-do.S1-INF

ɛmbha

thus

mɛndzo

anyhow

ɛmbha

thus

waˀ-ma

be.S1-INF

phɔgɔrɔ

if

khɔmbhɔ

thus

an-thum-nɛn

1IN.NEG-be.strong.S1-NEG

S279

H:

cɛːt thɔkkɛnna lɛt pek lətchə . lɛttaŋ kɔ cɛːt andhumnɛnba rətchə .

Our bodies go a bit to seed. They go to seed and we aren't strong.

cɛːt

a.little

thɔk-ɛn-aŋ

body-DEF-also

lɛt

be.stiff.S1

pek

go.S1

rətchə

EVID

lɛt-aŋ

be.stiff.S1-CJ

kɔ

TOP

cɛːt

a little

an-thum-nɛn-pa

1IN.NEG-be.strong.S1-NEG-NOM

rətchə

EVID

S280

H:

abhe yɛ kɛbaːnnɛn?

What do you say?

abhe

how

yɛ

kɛ-paːn-ɛn

2-speech-DEF

S281

N:

khɔnnɛn khɔn kɔ ɛmbhɛdaŋba phɔŋai.

It's like this, uncle.

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

khɔn

that

kɔ

TOP

ɛmbhɛdaŋba

like.this

phɔŋa-i

jun.pat.uncle-VOC

S282

N:

jəti phɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ kəli yug ɛllɛba anigɛ kudzɛk hindza gɔ alla khɔtyo rɔt khɔtyo rɔt ayu.

Now in the Kali Yug, we youngsters keep going downhill, further and further.

jəti-phɛ

as.much-COMP

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kəli

Kali

yug-ɛllɛ-pa

Yug-DEF.GEN-NOM

anigɛ

1PL.EX

kudzɛk

truly

hindza

youngster

kɔ

TOP

alla

now

khɔ-ɛtyo

there-down

rɔt

only

khɔ-ɛtyo

there-down

rɔt

only

a-yu

1IN-come.down.S1

S283

N:

alla asen phɔŋasirɛ yarik ə̃ kɛdzogumba anigɛ ɛmbhɛllɛ khɔpmu mɛgɛttumbɛn.

We don't match the amount of work that your generation did before, uncle.

alla

now

asen

before

phɔŋa-si-rɛ

jun.pat.uncle-PL-ERG

yarik

extent

ə̃

umm

kɛ-cog-um-pa

2-do.S2-12PL→3SG-NOM

anigɛ

1PL.EX

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔpmu

there

mɛ-kɛtt-umbɛn

3PL-reach.S2-1PL.EX→3SG.NEG

S284

N:

phɔŋasirɛ kɛdzamba yarikkɛtmu anigɛ ni khɔn kɛpma mɛsuktumbɛn.

We can't even match the amount that you ate.

phɔŋa-si-rɛ

jun.pat.uncle-PL-ERG

kɛ-ca-m-pa

2-eat.S2-12PL→3SG-NOM

yarik-ɛtmu

extent-LOC

anigɛ

1PL.EX

ni

EMPH

khɔn

that

kɛt-ma

reach.S1-INF

mɛ-sukt-umbɛ-n

NEG-be.able.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-DEF

S285

N:

anigɛ uhi khɛni mɛnchahaˀrɛ anigɛ cogumbɛba yarik khɛni mɛnchahaˀrɛ yammu kɛpma mɛnchuktun.

Similarly, your grandchildren can't match the amount of work we do.

anigɛ

1PL.EX

uhi

that.same

khɛni

2PL

mɛncha-haˀ-rɛ

grandchild-PL-ERG

anigɛ

1PL.EX

cog-umbɛ-pa

do.S2-1PL.EX→3SG-NOM

yarik

extent

khɛni

2PL

mɛncha-haˀ-rɛ

grandchild-PL-ERG

yammu

again

kɛt-ma

reach.S1-INF

mɛn-sukt-un

3PL.SA.NEG-be.able.S2-3SG.O.NEG

S286

H:

khɔmbha.

Right.

khɔmbha

thus

S287

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ. ɛmbhɛllɛ alla səttejug asen səttejug ɛllɛ sususiba mɔna mɛdhumdɛaŋ, ɛmbhɛllɛ kəli jug ɛllɛba ləu khɔmdaŋba rɔt. rətchə .

So, the men before, who were touched by the Golden Age, were strong, but now those of the Kali Yug are only like this.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

alla

now

səttejug

golden.age

asen

before

səttejug-ɛllɛ

golden.age-DEF.INST

sus-usi-pa

touch.S2-3.O.NSG-NOM

mɔna

man

mɛ-thumd-ɛ-aŋ

3PL-be.strong.S2-PA-CJ

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

kəli

Kali

jug-ɛllɛ-pa

age-DEF.INST-NOM

ləu

INTERJ

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

rɔt

only

rətchə

EVID

S288

H:

khɔmbha — khɔn kudopma.

Right. That's the straight story.

khɔmbha

thus

khɔn

that

kudopma

straight

S289

H:

tərə ani yakthumbarɛ yakthumbanu pɛni'llɛ akkh'yarik bicar kɛdzogu?

Now, what's your opinion concerning us Limbus and the Nepalis?

tərə

but

ani

1PL.IN

yakthuŋba-rɛ

Limbu-GEN

yakthuŋba-nu

Limbu-ABL

pɛni-ɛllɛ

brahman-DEF.GEN

akkhe-yarik

how.much-extent

bicar

thought

kɛ-cog-u

2-do.S2-3SG.O

S290

H:

yakthumb'ɛllɛ coaŋ coguaŋ.

The Limbu eats, and he works.

yakthuŋba-ɛllɛ

Limbu-DEF.ERG

co-aŋ

eat.S2-also

cog-u-aŋ

do.S2-3SG.O-also

S291

H:

ɛmbhɛllɛ abhedaŋba poksɛ khɛni pɛni paːn ciyɔllik kɛbaːri.

But now, what's happened, you all speak a little more Nepali [when speaking Limbu].

ɛmbhɛllɛ

thus

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

poks-ɛ

become.S2-PA

khɛni

2PL

pɛni

brahman

paːn

speech

ci-yɔllik

a.little-much

kɛ-paːr-i

2-speak.S2-12PL.SO

S292

H:

yakthuŋ paːn cigɛmasum.

You've lost a little of the Limbu language.

yakthuŋ

Limbu

paːn

speech

ci-kɛ-mas-um

a.little-2-lose.S2-12PL→3SG

S293

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔllɛ abheba co khɔmdaŋba cama khɔmbhɛ ciyɔllik khɛni kɛlasi.

It's a case of ?? eating what they eat — you all have gone a bit down that road.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔn-lɛ

that-ERG

abhe-pa

how-NOM

co

eat.S2

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

ca-ma

eat.S2-INF

khɔmbhɛ

thus

ci-yɔllik

a.little-much

khɛni

2PL

kɛ-las-i

2-enter.S2-12PL.SO

S294

H:

khɔpmu kɛlasi. khɔpmu kɛlasi khɔmbhɛllɛ.

You've gone that way.

khɔpmu

there

kɛ-las-i

2-enter.S2-12PL.SO

khɔpmu

there

kɛ-las-i

2-enter.S2-12PL.SO

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

S295

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔmbha khɔmdaŋba thummɛn kɔ cɛːtci yɔmba cigemba kuyɛt ciyɔmb'ɛn cɛːtci thum mɛːnni?

Now as far as being strong, one who is a little bigger, a little taller, whose bones are a bit bigger, he's a bit stronger, no?

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔmbha

thus

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

thum-ɛn

be.strong.S1-??

kɔ

TOP

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔn-pa

big.S1-NOM

ci-ken-pa

a.little-long.S1-NOM

ku-yɛt

3SG-bone

ci-yɔn-pa-ɛn

a.little-big.S1-NOM-DEF

cɛːtci

a.little

thum

be.strong.S1

mɛːn-i

no-Q

S296

H:

yɛt cuːkpa mɔna cuːkpa phɔgɔrɔ andhumnɛn a.

If one's bones are small, if one is small, one isn't strong.

yɛt

bone

cuːk-pa

small.S1-NOM

mɔna

man

cuːk-pa

small.S1-NOM

phɔgɔrɔ

if

an-thum-nɛn

1IN.NEG-be.strong.S1-NEG

a

EXPR

S297

N:

andhumnɛn.

No.

an-thum-nɛn

1IN.NEG-be.strong.S1-NEG

S298

H:

cɛːtci yɔmb'ɛnnaŋ ciliːp.

One who is a bit bigger will be a bit heavier.

cɛːtci

a.little

yɔn-pa-ɛn-aŋ

big.S1-NOM-DEF-also

ci-liːp

a.little-be.heavy.S1

S299

N:

ciliːp.

He'll be heavier.

ci-liːp

a.little-be.heavy.S1

S300

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔmdaŋba …

So …

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔmdaŋba

like.that

S301

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ ləu paːttɛ khɛnɛ. khɔmbhɛllɛ …

So — go ahead, speak.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

ləu

INTERJ

paːtt-ɛ

say.S2-IMP

khɛnɛ

2SG

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

S302

H:

yakthumba mɛtmunasiŋŋɛn abhedaŋba poksɛ'llɛ — yakthumba aboksɛ ani.

As to how it came about, calling ourselves "Yakthungba" — we're yakthungba.

yakthuŋba

Limbu

mɛt-muna-siŋ-ɛn

say.S1-GER-REFL-DEF

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

poks-ɛ-ɛllɛ

become.S2-PA-SUB

yakthuŋba

Limbu

a-poks-ɛ

1IN-become.S2-PA

ani

1PL.IN

S303

H:

yakthumba mɛtmuna yakthumbai akthumbai? ɛ nɛtchi'pmu ɛ nɛtchi'pmu.

The word "yakthungba" — is it "yakthungba" or is it "akthungba"? Between these two.

yakthuŋba

Limbu

mɛt-muna

say.S1-GER

yakthuŋba-i

Limbu-Q

akthumba-i

akthumba-Q

ɛ

this

nɛtchi-ɛpmu

two-LOC

ɛ

this

nɛtchi-ɛpmu

two-LOC

S304

N:

yakthumbai akthumbai?

Is it "yakthungba" or is it "akthungba"?

yakthuŋba-i

Limbu-Q

akthumba-i

akthumba-Q

S305

N:

alla iŋga ittuŋŋɛllɛ yakthumba phɛllɛ — yakthumba kɔ mɛːndu akthuŋbai kusiktaŋ lɔˀ a.

Now that I think of it, "yakthungba" — it's not "yakthungba", it's more like "akthungba".

alla

now

iŋga

1SG

itt-uŋ-ɛllɛ

think.S2-1SG→3SG-SUB

yakthuŋba

Limbu

phɛllɛ

COMP

yakthuŋba

Limbu

kɔ

TOP

mɛːndu

is.not

akthuŋba-i

akthungba-Q

kusiktaŋ

like.ADJ

lɔˀ

be.S1

a

EXPR

S306

H:

ə̃ .

Hmm.

ə̃

umm

S307

N:

kudzɛkki? khɔmbhɔi? khɔmbhɔ mɛːnni ambhɔŋae?

Is it true? Is it like that? It's like that, no, uncle?

kudzɛk-i

truly-Q

khɔmbhɔ-i

thus-Q

khɔmbhɔ

thus

mɛːn-i

not-Q

a-phɔŋa-e

1SG-jun.pat.uncle-VOC

S308

H:

akthuŋba mɛtmunan cəĩ kuyaŋŋɛtmu yaktarik aktuɛ kɛthuŋb'ɛllɛ akthuŋba siktaŋba həi !

If we say "akthungba" — as long as there's something inside the pot, since one served it ["aktu"] and drank it ["thung"], it's like "akthungba" right!

akthuŋba

akthungba

mɛt-muna-n

say.S1-GER-DEF

cəĩ

TOP

ku-yaŋ-ɛtmu

3SG-container-LOC

yak-tarik

be.in.S1-up.to

akt-u-ɛ

serve.S2-3SG.O-GER

kɛ-thuŋ-pa-ɛllɛ

ACT-drink.S1-NOM-SUB

akthuŋba

akthungba

siktaŋba

like

həi

isn't.it

S309

H:

yakthuŋba mɛtmunan abhedaŋba yak, yakthuŋba.

The expression "yakthungba" — whatever's inside ["yak"] — "yakthungba".

yakthuŋba

yakthungba

mɛt-muna-n

say.S1-GER-DEF

abhedaŋba

how.ADJ

yak

be.in.S1

yakthuŋba

Limbu

S310

H:

yak, yakthuŋba.

"yak", "yakthungba".

yak

be.in.S1

yakthuŋba

yakthungba

S311

H:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔn sen donɛba khɛnɛ.

That's what I'm asking you.

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔn

that

sen

PV

to-nɛ-pa

ask.S1-1SG→2SG-NOM

khɛnɛ

2SG

S312

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ khɔn yakthuŋba kudzɛkkaŋ ni ya khɔn.

Then indeed it must be "yakthungba".

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

khɔn

that

yakthuŋba

yakthungba

kudzɛk-aŋ

truly-also

ni

EMPH

ya

EXPR

khɔn

that

S313

N:

alla himmu waˀthɛllik lɔt ni kɛdzab'adi, ho ki ?

We are people who eat only as long as there is ["yak"] something in the house, right?

alla

now

him-mu

house-CTR

waˀ-thɛllik

be.S1-until

lɔt

only

ni

EMPH

kɛ-ca-pa-adi

ACT-eat.S2-NOM-1PL.IN.COP

ho

it.is

ki

or

S314

N:

yakthuŋba — akthuŋba.

"yakthungba", "akthungba".

yakthuŋba

yakthungba

akthuŋba

akthungba

S315

N:

khɔmbhɛllɛ jəti himmu yuŋ, ho ki ?

Whatever there is in the house,

khɔmbhɛllɛ

thus

jəti

as.much

him-mu

house-LOC

yuŋ

stay.S1

ho

it.is

ki

or

S316

N:

yə i khyampa 'pmu yuŋ

or in the storage-pot

yə

EXPR

i

khempa-ɛtmu

pot-LOC

yuŋ

stay.S1

S317

N:

khɔnnɛn akthuŋba — yakthuŋba — akthuŋba.

"akthungba", "yakthungba", "akthungba".

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

akthuŋba

akthungba

yakthuŋba

yakthungba

akthuŋba

akthungba

S318

N:

khɔmbhɔ khɔnnɛn mɛkkaŋ kɔ cuːruba ani yakthumb'ɛllɛ.

When it's finished, it's finished for us Limbus.

khɔmbhɔ

thus

khɔn-ɛn

that-DEF

mɛk-aŋ

exhaust.S1-CJ

kɔ

TOP

cuːr-u-pa

finish.S2-3SG.O-NOM

ani

1PL.IN

yakthuŋba-ɛllɛ

Limbu-DEF.GEN

S319

N:

khɔmbhɛaŋsa akthumba alla mɛlɔˀ laˀba.

Maybe that's why they say "akthungba" [??].

khɔmbhɛaŋ-sa

thus-ADV

akthumba

alla

now

mɛ-lɔˀ

3PL-be.S1

laˀba

HYP

S320

H:

taːndik cama ɛtchindaːn cama taŋba kɔ the niŋwa'tmu mɛyaknɛn.

We have no thought for what to eat tomorrow, or the next day.

taːndik

tomorrow

ca-ma

eat.S1-INF

ɛtchindaːn

day.after.tomorrow

ca-ma

eat.S1-INF

taŋba

like.NOM

kɔ

TOP

the

what

niŋwa-ɛtmu

mind-LOC

mɛ-yak-nɛn

NEG-be.in.S1-NEG

S321

H:

allo rɔt caŋŋaŋ kɔ taːndi ɛtchindaːn kɔ cama

If I've eaten just now, eating tomorrow or the next day —

allo

now

rɔt

only

ca-ŋ-aŋ

eat.S2-1SG-CJ

kɔ

TOP

taːndi

tomorrow

ɛtchindaːn

day.after.tomorrow

kɔ

TOP

ca-ma

eat.S1-INF

S322

N:

caha mɛdzokŋan!

I don't need it!

caha

need.PV

mɛ-cok-ŋan

NEG-do.S1-1SG.PR.NEG

S323

H:

ɛmbhɛdaŋba rɔt niŋwa — ani yakthuŋbarɛ niŋwa waˀba hɔmdaŋba hagi ?

Our Limbu philosophy is like that, huh?

ɛmbhɛdaŋba

like.this

rɔt

only

niŋwa

mind

ani

1PL.IN

yakthuŋba-rɛ

Limbu-GEN

niŋwa

mind

waˀ-pa

be.S1-NOM

hɔmdaŋba

like.that

həgi

isn't.it

S324

H:

sər ləu əi !

[To the linguist:] That's it, sir.

sər

sir

ləu

INTERJ

əi

OK

Paddy-dancing - a conversation Langue : Limbu(lif) Chercheur(s) : Mazaudon, Martine; Michailovsky, Boyd Locuteur(s) : Motta; Phembasong, Narad Bahadur

Paddy-dancing - a conversation
Langue : Limbu(lif)

Chercheur(s) : Mazaudon, Martine; Michailovsky, Boyd Locuteur(s) : Motta; Phembasong, Narad Bahadur